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蒋介石写过不下10份遗嘱 开始未打算让蒋经国接班

2016-12-21 15:20:34   

西安事变时他写了3份遗嘱,蒋经国、蒋纬国1份,宋美龄1份,交代家里的关系。他对宋美龄说如果你对我好,就把经国、纬国当成自己的儿子,又对经国、纬国讲,如果认我做父亲,就要把宋美龄当作母亲。之后,又像孙中山一样写了一封《告国民书》。

到了台湾,1962年蒋介石因为前列腺要动手术,写了一份遗嘱交代“交班计划”。当时陈诚是副领导人,如果蒋去世的话由陈继任领导人;剩下台湾两个最重要的职位,台湾省主席和“行政院院长”,他要求只能在周至柔、袁守谦和蒋经国中三选二。周、袁是台湾省主席、交通部部长,地位较高,蒋经国当时资历最浅,职位最低,而蒋将其与陈诚并列,嘱咐“互谅互助,彻底合作”,是竭力提升蒋经国的地位。

1971年蒋介石写了1份遗嘱,说如果他不在了,蒋经国可以做严家淦的助手,担任“行政院长”,且党政必须采取集体领导制。当时制度上规定严家淦权力最大,集体领导制实际上是不信任严,也是在提醒他不能把权力全部继承,实际上是让蒋经国通过集体领导制获得权力。

1972年蒋经国当了“行政院长”,“接班人”的地位基本稳固了,所以这以后的遗嘱就完全不涉及人事,只剩“反攻大陆”这种很“空灵”的事情。

蒋介石去世后,这份经宋美龄、副领导人和五院“院长”签字的遗嘱是这样的:“自余束发以来,即追随总理革命,无时不以耶稣基督与总理信徒自居,无日不为扫除三民主义之障碍、建设民主宪政之国家艰苦奋斗。近二十余年来,自由基地日益精实壮大……全国军民、全党同志,绝不可因余之不起,而怀忧丧志!务望一致精诚团结,服膺本党与政府领导,奉主义为无形之总理,以复国为共同之目标,而中正之精神自必与我同志、同胞长相左右。实践三民主义……复兴民族文化,坚守民主阵营,为余毕生之志事,实亦即海内外军民同胞一致的革命职志与战斗决心。惟愿愈坚此百忍,奋励自强,非达成国民革命之责任,绝不中止!矢勤矢勇,毋怠毋忽。”

蒋经国如何接班

东方早报:那么在生命的最后几年,蒋介石考虑最多的问题是什么?

陈红民:首先继承问题当然很重要,但1972年蒋经国做了“行政院长”之后已尘埃落定。事实上,1972-1975年蒋介石的生活相对悠闲,因为能解决的问题已经解决了,不能解决的问题也没有办法,比如“反攻大陆”,已然无望,他心里很清楚。剩下的经济建设,他自己也不是太懂,当时在台湾推进“十大建设”,这些工作主要还是蒋经国他们在做。

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