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张自忠:从被骂“汉奸”到革命烈士的抗战军魂

2016-12-02 14:52:09   

1939年1月中旬至3月中旬,张将军率部在京山、钟祥一带抗击来犯日军第16师团,连续作战两个月,最终在襄河东岸与日军形成对峙状态。蒋介石以33集团军“此次在鄂中抗敌,苦战兼旬,屡挫敌锋,厥功甚伟,电示李司令长官重予奖赏,以资激励”。5月2日,国民政府颁布命令,“陆军中将张自忠、孙震特加陆军上将衔。”

1939年5月,张将军率部参加了随枣会战,年底又参加了“1939年冬季攻势”。

1937年春,29军在北平举行军事会议,前右起:张维潘、张自忠、宋哲元、刘汝明、石友山,后右起:冯治安、赵登禹、何基沣等。

枣宜会战英雄不幸陨落

1940年5月7日晨,张将军率领第33集团军的预备队74师、总部特务营、总部部分人员及两名苏联顾问(一名是步兵顾问,另一名为炮兵顾问)在宜城窑湾、官庄渡过了襄河,汉水在襄阳以下一段称为襄河。此次是张将军第四次东渡襄河了,临行之前张将军分别给冯治安副总司令和59军的高级军官留下了两封信。这是张将军的一贯做法,他每次上战场之前,都会先留下一封信预作遗书之用,以示死战之意,战后回来再行销毁。

1940年5月,日军为控制长江水上交通线,调集15万精锐部队发起了攻占枣阳、襄阳、宜昌等地的枣宜会战。张自忠将军本来率部防守襄河以西,当日军攻破第五战区第一道防线,直扑襄阳、枣阳时,身为集团军总司令的张自忠将军,毅然率领预备七十四师和军部特务营东渡襄河,抗击来犯之敌。他写信给河东的第五十九军,“只要敌来犯,兄即到河东与弟等共同去牺牲。”“为国家民族死之决心,海不枯,石不烂,决不半点改变!”渡河后,张自忠将军率部在南瓜店附近顽强抗击日军,重创日军,并截断了日军后方补给线。在日军以重兵对张自忠将军进行合围后,为牵制日军主力造成外线我军对日军实施反包围,张将军力战不退,与敌搏杀,最后身中7弹。弥留之际,张自忠将军留下最后一句话:“我力战而死,自问对国家、对民族、对长官可告无愧,良心平安!”旋即拔佩剑自戕,一代名将张自忠壮烈殉国。张自忠将军率部截敌后路并阻敌西进,彻底粉碎了日军进攻襄樊、威胁老河口的企图,使整个战局转危为安。

张自忠将军壮烈殉国后,重庆成千上万的人们哭拜英灵,为其送葬。他的部下悲愤地唱着复仇之歌:“海可枯,石可烂,死也忘不了南瓜店!”表示要坚决为张自忠将军报仇。翌年5月,其部在当阳地区将围攻张自忠将军的日军酋首横山武彦击毙。1940年8月15日,延安各界1000余人隆重举行张自忠将军追悼大会。毛泽东同志亲笔为张自忠题写“尽忠报国”的挽联。

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