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张自忠:从被骂“汉奸”到革命烈士的抗战军魂

2016-12-02 14:52:09   

27日宋哲元军长严辞拒绝了日军的最后通牒,并通电全国,表明自卫守土的决心。当晚,宋军长、秦德纯副军长和张将军一起会见了蒋介石从南京派往北平的刘健群(军委会政训处处长)和戈定远(冀察政委会驻南京代表),他们两人此行的具体使命是,劝说宋哲元“即刻到保定,不必留平津与日本人纠缠”。

七七事变后,蒋介石曾数次致电宋哲元,让宋进驻保定。因为蒋认为,从军事上说,宋哲元应到保定,而不宜驻平津。7月26日蒋介石再次电令宋哲元“立即到保定指挥,切勿再在北平停留片刻”。

7月28日晨,日军对北平郊外的南苑、清河、沙河等地区的中国军队发起全面进攻,当日29军也开始反攻丰台。蒋介石致电宋哲元,“希速离北平,到保定指挥。勿误,如何?盼立复。”接到这封电报后,宋哲元回电对蒋介石明确表示,不敢再违背蒋介石的意向,即刻设法离开北平前往保定。宋哲元军长的这封电报现存于台北国史馆内,它清楚无疑地表明了宋哲元军长离开北平是出于政治军事方面的原因,绝非某些人所说的,是被其部下逼走的。

受命留守北平反被骂作汉奸

7月28日中午,29军在南苑作战失利,副军长佟麟阁阵亡,132师师长赵登禹身受重伤下落不明,此消息传入北平城内后,29军首脑军长宋哲元、副军长秦德纯、37师师长冯治安、38师师长张自忠和29军前参谋长张维藩在“进德社”举行紧急会议,商讨应对措施。在此次会议上,作出了宋哲元率二十九军主力撤出北平的决策,并确定留下张自忠在北平维持局面。

1937年10月10日,张将军在南京对《中央日报》记者谈到留守北平的过程:“宋委员长于七月二十八日奉令赴保,要余留守北平代理冀察军政事宜,奉令之下,深自惶悚,诚恐材具弗胜,贻误大局,一再坚辞,终不得已,只好涕泣受命。”张将军受命后,曾不无伤感地对秦德纯说道:“你同宋先生成了民族英雄,我怕成了汉奸了!”

1938年2月26日,张将军在徐州又对记者详细讲述了进德社会议的过程:

“那时候,我们四个人,宋委员长,秦市长,冯师长和我便讨论着如何应付这样的危机,当时宋委员长说‘自忠,你负责守城’。我曾经力辞,说明我恐不能胜任,那时大概下午四点钟吧。宋委员长只在那房间里来回走着,寻思解决这一个当前的危机。这样保持了一个半钟点的静肃,终于他立定了身子,大声地说:‘我命令你守城,你得为国家出力,虽然牺牲你,你也得去干。’他说完了话,便立刻预备走。我知道委员长既已决定,同时我们军人是以服从为天职,因此我就答应了,而要求给我一个限度。‘给你十天吧!’委员长临去的时候这样说。为了二十九军高级将领的出城,便又去了两团人,以这样单薄的兵力,想要守这样大的一个城,事实上是不可能的。”

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