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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

红军的游击性,没有固定作战线,根据地的流动性,根据地建设工作的流动性,十年战争中一点也没有变化吗?有变化的。从井冈山到江西第一次反“围剿”前为第一个阶段,这个阶段中游击性和流动性是很大的,红军还在幼年时代,根据地还是游击区。从第一次反“围剿”到第三次反“围剿”为第二个阶段,这个阶段中游击性和流动性就缩小了许多,方面军已经建立,包含几百万人口的根据地已经存在。从第三次反“围剿”后至第五次反“围剿”为第三个阶段,游击性流动性更缩小了。中央政府与革命军事委员会已经建立。长征是第四个阶段。由于错误地否认小游击和小流动,就来了一个大游击和大流动。目前是第五个阶段。由于没有战胜第五次“围剿”和大流动,红军和根据地都大大地缩小了,但又已经在西北立住了脚根,巩固了并发展了陕甘宁边区根据地。红军主力三个方面军已经统一指挥,此事为前此所未有。依战略的性质说,也可以说井冈山时期至第四次反“围剿”时期为一阶段,第五次反“围剿”时期为又一阶段,长征至今为第三阶段。第五次反“围剿”时人们错误地否定了以前本来是正确的方针,我们今天又正确地否定了第五次反“围剿”时人们的错误方针,复活了从前的正确方针。然而不是否定第五次反“围剿”时的一切,也不是复活从前的一切。复活的是从前优良的东西,否定的是第五次反“围剿”时的错误的东西。

游击主义有两方面。一方面是非正规性,就是不集中、不统一、纪律不严、工作方法简单化等。这些东西是红军幼年时代本身带来的,有些在当时还正是需要的。然而到了红军的高级阶段,必须逐渐地自觉地去掉它们,使红军更集中些,更统一些,更有纪律些,工作更周密些,就是说使之更带正规性。在作战指挥上,也应逐渐地自觉地减少那些在高级阶段所不必要的游击性。在这一方面拒绝前进,固执地停顿于旧阶段,是不许可的,是有害的,是不利于大规模作战的。

另一方面是运动战的方针,是现在还需要的战略和战役作战的游击性,是无法阻止的根据地的流动性,是根据地建设计划的灵活变更性,是在红军建设上的不要不适时宜的正规化。在这一方面拒绝历史事实,反对保留有用的东西,贸然地脱离现阶段,盲目地跑向可望不可即的、在当前没有现实意义的所谓“新阶段”,同样是不许可的,是有害的,是不利于当前作战的。

我们现在是处在红军技术和组织的下一新阶段的前夜。我们应该准备转变到新阶段去。不作这种准备是不对的,是不利于将来的战争的。在将来,红军的技术和组织条件改变了,红军建设进到了新阶段,红军的作战方向和作战线的比较固定就出现了;阵地战增加了;战争的流动性、领土和建设的流动性,大大减少了,到最后,也就会消灭了;现在限制着我们的东西,如像优势的敌人及其据守的巩固阵地,就不能限制我们了。我们现在一方面反对“左”倾机会主义统治时期的错误的办法,另一方面也反对复活红军幼年时代的许多在现时不需要的非正规性。但是我们要坚决地恢复红军一路来用以打胜仗的许多可宝贵的建军原则和战略战术原则。我们要把所有一切过去的优良的东西都总结起来,成为有系统的更发展的更丰富的军事路线,以便争取在今天战胜敌人,并且准备在将来转变到新阶段去。

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