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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

承认这种特点,对于我们是有利益的。从这个特点出发,规定我们的日程,不要幻想有进无退的战争,不要震惊于领土和军事后方的暂时的流动,不要企图建立长时期的具体计划。把我们的思想、工作适应于情况,准备坐下,又准备走路,不要把干粮袋丢掉了。只有在现在的流动生活中努力,才能争取将来的比较地不流动,才能争取最后的稳定。统治着第五次反“围剿”时期的所谓“正规战争”的战略方针,否认这种流动性,反对所谓“游击主义”。反对流动的同志们要装作一个大国家的统治者来办事,结果是得到了一个异乎寻常的大流动——二万五千华里的长征

我们的工农民主共和国是一个国家,但是今天还是一个不完全的国家。今天我们还处在内战的战略防御时期,我们的政权距离一个完全的国家形态还很远,我们军队的数量和技术较之敌人还差得远,我们的领土还很小,我们的敌人时时刻刻想要消灭我们才快活。从这个上面规定我们的方针,不是一般地反对游击主义,而是老老实实地承认红军的游击性。在这里怕羞是没有用的。相反,游击性正是我们的特点,正是我们的长处,正是我们战胜敌人的工具。我们应该准备抛弃游击性,但是今天还不能抛弃。游击性在将来一定是可羞的和必须抛弃的东西,但在今天却是宝贵的和必须坚持的东西。

“打得赢就打,打不赢就走”,这就是今天我们的运动战的通俗的解释。天下也没有只承认打不承认走的军事家,不过不如我们走得这么厉害罢了。对于我们,走路的时间通常多于作战的时间,平均每月打得一个大仗就算是好的。一切的“走”都是为着“打”,我们的一切战略战役方针都是建立在“打”的一个基本点上。然而在我们面前有几种不好打的情形:第一是当面的敌人多了不好打;第二是当面敌人虽不多,但它和邻近敌人十分密接,也有时不好打;第三,一般地说来,凡不孤立而占有十分巩固阵地之敌都不好打;第四是打而不能解决战斗时,不好再继续打。以上这些时候,我们都是准备走的。这样的走是许可的,是必须的。因为我们承认必须的走,是在首先承认必须的打的条件之下。红军的运动战的基本特点,就在这里。

基本的是运动战,并不是拒绝必要的和可能的阵地战。战略防御时,我们钳制方面某些支点的固守,战略进攻时遇着孤立无援之敌,都是应该承认用阵地战去对付的。采取这样的阵地战制胜敌人的经验,我们过去已经不少;很多的城市、堡垒、寨子,被我们打开,某种程度的敌人野战阵地被我们突破。以后还要增加这一方面的努力,补足我们这一方面的弱点。我们完全应该提倡那种在情况需要而且许可下的阵地攻击和阵地防御。我们所反对的,仅仅是在今天采取一般的阵地战,或者把阵地战和运动战平等看待,这些才是不能许可的。

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