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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

第二次“围剿”时的情况是:(一)“进剿”军二十万人,何应钦为总司令,驻南昌。(二)和第一次“围剿”时一样,全部是蒋之非嫡系部队。以蔡廷锴的第十九路军、孙连仲的第二十六路军、朱绍良的第六路军为最强或较强,其余均较弱。(三)AB团肃清,根据地人民全部拥护红军。(四)王金钰的第五路军从北方新到,表示恐惧,其左翼郭华宗、郝梦龄两师,大体相同。(五)我军从富田打起,向东横扫,可在闽赣交界之建宁、黎川、泰宁地区扩大根据地,征集资材,便于打破下一次“围剿”。若由东向西打去,则限于赣江,战局结束后无发展余地。若打完再东转,又劳师费时。(六)我军人数较上次战役时虽略减(三万余),然有四个月的养精蓄锐。基于以上理由,乃决找富田地区的王金钰、公秉藩(共十一个团)打第一仗。胜利后,接着打郭、打孙、打朱、打刘(47)。十五天中(一九三一年五月十六日至三十一日),走七百里,打五个仗,缴枪二万余,痛快淋漓地打破了“围剿”。当打王金钰时,处于蔡廷锴、郭华宗两敌之间,距郭十余里,距蔡四十余里,有人谓我们“钻牛角”,但终究钻通了。主要因为根据地条件,再加敌军各部之不统一。郭师败后,郝师星夜逃回永丰,得免于难。

第三次“围剿”时的情况是:(一)蒋介石亲身出马任总司令,下分左右中三路总司令。中路何应钦,与蒋同驻南昌;右路陈铭枢,驻吉安;左路朱绍良,驻南丰(48)。(二)“进剿”军三十万人。主力军是蒋嫡系之陈诚、罗卓英、赵观涛、卫立煌、蒋鼎文等五个师,每师九团,共约十万人。次是蒋光鼐、蔡廷锴、韩德勤三师(49),四万人。次是孙连仲军,二万人。余均非蒋嫡系,较弱。(三)“进剿”战略是“长驱直入”,大不同于第二次“围剿”之“步步为营”,企图压迫红军于赣江而消灭之。(四)第二次“围剿”结束至第三次“围剿”开始,为时仅一个月。红军苦战后未休息,也未补充(三万人左右),又绕道千里回到赣南根据地西部之兴国集中,时敌已分路直迫面前。在上述情况下,我们决定的第一个方针,是由兴国经万安突破富田一点,然后由西而东,向敌之后方联络线上横扫过去,让敌主力深入赣南根据地置于无用之地,定此为作战之第一阶段。及敌回头北向,必甚疲劳,乘隙打其可打者,为第二阶段。此方针之中心是避敌主力,打其虚弱。但我军向富田开进之际,被敌发觉,陈诚、罗卓英两师赶至。我不得不改变计划,回到兴国西部之高兴圩,此时仅剩此一个圩场及其附近地区几十个方里容许我军集中。集中一天后,乃决计向东面兴国县东部之莲塘、永丰县南部之良村、宁都县北部之黄陂方向突进。第一天乘夜通过了蒋鼎文师和蒋、蔡、韩军间之四十华里空隙地带,转到莲塘。第二天和上官云相军(上官指挥他自己的一个师及郝梦龄师)前哨接触。第三天打上官师为第一仗,第四天打郝梦龄师为第二仗,尔后以三天行程到黄陂打毛炳文师为第三仗。三战皆胜,缴枪逾万(50)。此时所有向西向南之敌军主力,皆转旗向东,集中视线于黄陂,猛力并进,找我作战,取密集的大包围姿势接近了我军。我军乃于蒋、蔡、韩军和陈、罗军之间一个二十华里间隙的大山中偷越过去,由东面回到西面之兴国境内集中。及至敌发觉再向西进时,我已休息了半个月,敌则饥疲沮丧,无能为力,下决心退却了。我又乘其退却打了蒋光鼐、蔡廷锴、蒋鼎文、韩德勤,消灭蒋鼎文一个旅、韩德勤一个师。对蒋光鼐、蔡廷锴两师,则打成对峙,让其逃去了。

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