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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

第四次“围剿”时的情况是:敌分三路向广昌进,主力在东路,西路两师暴露于我面前,且迫近我之集中地。因此我得以先打其西路于宜黄南部地区,一举消灭李明、陈时骥两个师。敌从左路分出两个师配合中路再进,我又得消灭其一个师于宜黄南部地区。两役缴枪万余,这个“围剿”就基本地打破了。

第五次“围剿”,敌以堡垒主义的新战略前进,首先占领了黎川。我却企图恢复黎川,御敌于根据地之外,去打黎川以北敌之巩固阵地兼是白区之硝石。一战不胜,又打其东南之资溪桥,也是敌之巩固阵地和白区,又不胜。尔后辗转寻战于敌之主力和堡垒之间,完全陷入被动地位。终第五次反“围剿”战争一年之久,绝无自主活跃之概。最后不得不退出江西根据地。

上述第一次至第五次反“围剿”时期我军作战的经验,证明处在防御地位的红军,欲打破强大的“进剿”军,反攻的第一个战斗,关系非常之大。第一个战斗的胜败给予极大的影响于全局,乃至一直影响到最后的一个战斗。因此得出下述的结论:

第一,必须打胜。必须敌情、地形、人民等条件,都利于我,不利于敌,确有把握而后动手。否则宁可退让,持重待机。机会总是有的,不可率尔应战。第一次反“围剿”时先想打谭道源,仅因敌不脱离源头那个居高临下的阵地,我军两度开进,却两度忍耐撤回,过了几天找到了好打的张辉瓒。第二次反“围剿”时,我军开进到东固,仅因等待王金钰脱离其富田巩固阵地,宁可冒犯走漏消息的危险,拒绝一切性急快打的建议,迫敌而居,等了二十五天之久,终于达到了要求。第三次反“围剿”虽是那样急风暴雨的局面,千里回师,又被敌人发觉了我们迂回其侧后的计划,但我们仍忍耐折回,改用中间突破,终于在莲塘打着第一个好仗。第四次反“围剿”时攻南丰不克,毅然采取了退却步骤,终于转到敌之右翼,集中东韶地区,开始了宜黄南部的大胜仗。只有第五次反“围剿”时全不知初战关系之大,震惊于黎川一城之失,从挽救的企图出发,北上就敌,于洵口不预期遭遇战胜利(消灭敌一个师)之后,却不把此战看作第一战,不看此战所必然引起的变化,而贸然进攻不可必胜的硝石。开脚一步就丧失了主动权,真是最蠢最坏的打法。

第二,初战的计划必须是全战役计划的有机的序幕。没有好的全战役计划,绝不能有真正好的第一仗。这就是说,即使初战打了一个胜仗,若这个仗不但不于全战役有利,反而有害时,则这个仗虽胜也只算败了(例如第五次“围剿”时的洵口战斗)。因此在打第一仗之先,必须想到第二、第三、第四以至最后一仗大体上如何打法,我挨次的一仗胜了,敌军全局将起如何变化,假若败了,又将起如何变化。虽结果不见得乃至决不会尽如所期,然而必须依据双方全局,仔细地切实地想明白。没有全局在胸,是不会真的投下一着好棋子的。

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