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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

但是开始准备的时机问题,一般地说来,与其失之过迟,不如失之过早。因为后者的损失较之前者为小,而其利益,则是有备无患,根本上立于不败之地。准备阶段中的主要的问题,是红军的准备退却,政治动员,征集新兵,财政和粮食的准备,政治异己分子的处置等。

所谓红军的准备退却,就是说不要使红军向着不利于退却的方向,不要进攻得太远了,不要使红军过于疲劳。这是在敌人大举进攻的前夜主力红军的必要的处置。这时红军的注意力,主要地要放在创造战场,征集资材,扩大自己和训练自己的计划上。

政治动员是反“围剿”斗争中第一个重要问题。这即是说,明确、坚决而充分地告诉红军人员和根据地的人民,关于敌人进攻的必然性和迫切性,敌人进攻危害人民的严重性,同时,关于敌人的弱点,红军的优良条件,我们一定要胜利的志愿,我们工作的方向等。号召红军和人民全体为反对“围剿”、保卫根据地而斗争。除开军事秘密外,政治动员是必须公开的,而且力求普及于每一个可能拥护革命利益的人员。重要的关节是说服干部。

征集新兵须从两方面出发:一方面顾到人民的政治觉悟程度和人口情况;又一方面顾到当时红军的情况和整个反“围剿”战役中红军消耗的可能限度。

财政和粮食问题,不待说对于反对“围剿”是有重大意义的。要顾及“围剿”时间的可能延长。应当计算,主要的是红军,再则革命根据地的人民,在整个反“围剿”斗争中物资需要的最低限度。

对待政治异己分子,不可对他们不警戒;但也不可过于恐惧他们的叛变,而采取过分的警戒手段。对地主、商人、富农之间是应该有分别的,主要地是政治上向他们说明,争取他们中立,并且组织民众监视他们。只有对极少数最带危险性的分子,才可以采用严峻手段,例如逮捕等。

反“围剿”斗争胜利的程度,是和准备阶段中任务完成的程度密切地联系着的。由轻敌而发生的对于准备的放松,和由被敌人进攻所吓倒而发生的惊惶失措,都是应该坚决反对的不良倾向。我们需要的是热烈而镇定的情绪,紧张而有秩序的工作。

第三节 战略退却

战略退却,是劣势军队处在优势军队进攻面前,因为顾到不能迅速地击破其进攻,为了保存军力,待机破敌,而采取的一个有计划的战略步骤。可是,军事冒险主义者则坚决反对此种步骤,他们的主张是所谓“御敌于国门外”。

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