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相反,中共领导下的敌后根据地,却从只有不过150万人口的陕甘宁边区迅速扩展到10多个省;武装力量也从最初的数万人,发展到近百万。同样是开展敌后游击战,同样是经营敌后抗日根据地,何以如此大相径庭?
对于打好游击战,共产党、国民党的高级将领都有过论述。朱德在抗战初期的《论抗日游击战争》一文中指出:“抗日游击战争主要的是政治战争。”“政治战争的要点,第一,在整顿内部,除去内部队员中不正确的观念和坏的习惯行为,求得游击队本身钢铁一般的团结,无论如何不会瓦解,任何的风浪都能经得住,吃得起……政治战争的第二个要点,是以群众为堡垒,把群众团结在自己周围……政治战争的第三个要点,是瓦解敌军。”白崇禧也曾经说过这样一段话:“有人认为打游击乃保存实力之做法,殊不知敌后游击,任务极为艰巨,因补给困难,且多半以寡抵众,以弱抵强,故必须官兵加倍淬厉奋发,机警勇敢,绝非保存实力者所能胜任。”
然而,国、共两党领导下的敌后游击战的实际表现却大不相同,这一点从日军的评价中可见端倪。日军有一份评估报告称,国民党游击队有五大弱点:“(一)各游击队常互争地盘,自相火拼;(二)缺乏大员统率,彼此不能密切联系,易于各个击破;(三)缺乏优良武器,不能作阵地战;(四)正规游击队虽破坏力强,但对人民滥施权威,致不得民众之信仰;(五)非正规之游击队分子复杂,大多为土匪散兵结构而成,战斗力既不强且领导者俱是匪首流氓,甚少有国家观念,易以利相诱。”而对共产党的评价却是:“中共是有铁的纪律的党组织,以党为核心团结军、政、民进行所谓四位一体的活动……它以‘七分政治,三分军事’的方针,将抗日战变为政治战,在建设解放区的同时,鼓动民众广泛开展‘游击队’活动……至1941年,方面军(才)觉察到中共存在的可怕。”
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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