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红军翻雪山、过草地究竟有多难?你来感受下

2016-10-17 14:12:26   

1935年6月12日至18日,中央红军分批陆续翻越夹金山,在四川省小金县与红四方面军胜利会师。

度过了雪山的艰险,还有被称作陆地“死亡之海”的草地在前方考验着红军。红军走过的川西草地面积约15200平方公里,海拔3500米以上,每年5月至9月正值雨季,草地沼泽泥潭无路可行。

1935年8月、9月,1936年7月,中国工农红军一、二、四方面军先后三次过草地。红军长征走过的草原腹地,1960年经国务院批准建立红原县。穿行在红原县瓦切镇的日干乔国家湿地公园,县党史地方志办公室副主任贺建军告诉记者,红军过草地主要体现在“四难”:

一是行路难。草甸下积水淤黑,泥泞不堪,浅处没膝,深处没顶,堪称“魔毯”。沼泽水不仅不能饮用,而且破了皮的腿、脚如果被这些泥浆泡过,就会红肿溃烂。一旦下雨,脚下更软、更滑,稍不慎就会掉进泥沼。

二是食物缺。一般战士准备的干粮两三天就吃完了,这时候草地才走了一半或不到一半。接下来的路程红军就得靠吃野菜、草根、树皮充饥。有的野菜、野草有毒,吃了轻则呕吐腹泻,重则中毒致死。

三是御寒难。草地天气,一日三变,温差极大。红军战士过草地前,大多衣单体弱,穿草鞋、甚至赤脚的也不少。有老红军回忆说,脚是湿的,衣服是湿的,身上几乎没有干过,能冻死人。

四是宿营难。草地到处是泥泞渍水,一般很难夜宿。在草地里露宿往往要两人或几人背靠背,才能增大面积避免陷下去。多位老红军回忆,有时晚上风雨交加,气候寒冷,高海拔缺氧,次晨就会发现一些战友已经停止了呼吸,甚至是跟自己背靠背休息的战友也牺牲了。

中共四川省直机关党校校长、全国党史学会常务理事王承先说:“在这种极端险恶的自然环境里,红军将士不但要经受严寒、饥饿、高山反应等极限身体考验,还要随时准备粉碎敌人的围追堵截。红军指战员官兵平等、团结友爱、舍己救人的故事每天都会发生。他们能够胜利翻越雪山、走出草地,证明了这是一支不同于任何旧军队的,真正‘支部建在连上’、革命理想高于天的人民军队。”

(新华社成都10月17日电)

责任编辑:秦涛
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