冬至大如年:自带“节日光环”的冬节

2018-12-21 15:58:41    中华网文化

“相传冬至大如年,贺节纷纷衣帽鲜。

毕竟勾吴风俗美,家家幼小拜尊前。”

诚如《清嘉录》里引用一首拜冬诗所云,古时的冬至是个大日子,漂在外地的人到了这时节都要回家过冬节,即“年终有所归宿”。这一天皇帝还要去郊外祭天,百姓要祭祖,还有贺冬、迎神、辟邪等风俗。

作为24节气中最早制订出的一个,冬至算是24节气中少见的自带“节日光环”的节气,同时被唤做“冬节”、“长至节”、“亚岁”。

相传冬至大如年,贺节纷纷衣帽鲜

“阴极之至

阳气始生

日南至

日短之至

日影长之至”

冬至节气在寒冷的农历十一月中,其中“至”是极致的意思,冬藏之气至此而极:阴寒达到极致,天最冷;阳气始至,上升才逼天气寒彻;太阳行至最南处,所以昼最短,夜最长。

古人认为自这天起,天地阳气开始兴作渐强,即下一个循环开始了,冬至一阳生、天地阳气回升,故为“大吉之日”。

相传冬至大如年,贺节纷纷衣帽鲜

冬至起源

早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代,中国就已经用土圭观测太阳,测定出了冬至,它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个,也是中华民族的一个传统节日。殷周时期,规定冬至前一天为岁终之日,冬至节相当于春节。后来实施夏历。但冬至一直排在24个节气的首位,称之为“亚岁”。

人们最初过冬至节是为了庆祝新的一年的到来。因此,后来一般春节期间的祭祖、家庭聚餐等习俗,也往往出现在冬至。把冬至作为节日来过源于汉代,盛于唐宋,相沿至今。

冬至三侯

中国古人将冬至分为三候:“一候蚯蚓结;二候麋角解;三候水泉动。”

蚯蚓结:传说蚯蚓是阴曲阳伸的生物,此时阳气虽已生长,但阴气仍然十分强盛,土中的蚯蚓仍然蜷缩着身体;

麋角解:麋与鹿同科,却阴阳不同,古人认为麋的角朝后生,所以为阴,而冬至一阳生,麋感阴气渐退而解角;

水泉动:由于阳气初生,所以此时山中的泉水可以流动并且温热。

相传冬至大如年,贺节纷纷衣帽鲜

冬至习俗

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