清华简十年:古书重现与古史新探

2018-12-24 11:17:23   光明日报 

5.丰富了政治思想史研究的材料

习近平总书记指出:“要治理好今天的中国,需要对我国历史和传统文化有深入了解,也需要对我国古代治国理政的探索和智慧进行积极总结。”清华简新见古书中所体现的丰富思想内涵,便可以进一步推动对早期政治思想史的研究,为当代社会道德建设以及新时代治国理政提供有益启示。

比如《尹诰》篇中商汤、伊尹对“民”与“众”的珍视,体现了早期的民本思想。《厚父》篇反复强调敬天重德,反映出周初的德治较商代有了明显的进步。特别是《厚父》篇中的“民心惟本,厥作惟叶”一语,在古代文献中最早明确提出以民为本的理念。

清华简的第八辑整理报告集中公布了多篇讲述治国理政之法的古书。《邦家之政》篇从正反两方面阐述了将会导致国家兴盛与衰败的种种行为,告诫执政者要“有所为而有所不为”。《邦家处位》篇则从肃清吏治的角度强调了选贤任能的重要性,以及用人失度带来的严重后果。《治邦之道》篇全面分析了治理国家应当遵守的准则,并特别强调了尚贤、节用、节葬、非命等思想。《天下之道》篇则借用攻守之道来说明古代圣王得天下的关键仍然在于得民心。《心是谓中》是一篇充满思辨智慧的文献。该篇试图把古人深信不疑的“天命”与本篇重点论述的“身命”概念辩证统一起来,并最终提出了“人定胜天”的理念。篇中的“人有天命,其亦有身命”“断命在天,苛疾在鬼,取命在人”等语,可以说是尊重客观规律与发挥主观能动性相结合这一哲学思想在古代文献中较早的体现。

6.丰富了社会文化史研究的材料

历史不只是王侯将相的记事本,普罗大众的社会生活也是历史研究关注的重点方向。清华简的内容虽然多是“王者书”,但其中也不乏研究社会文化史的重要资料。

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