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中国已成量子通信技术先驱 在该领域已两个世界第一

2017-08-16 01:03:02   参考消息

参考消息网8月16日报道 法媒称,中国实现两个世界第一。中国凭借8月9日在《自然》周刊上发表的两项成果确保了在量子通信这一未来通信技术领域的至上地位。该技术主要可以提升通信过程中的安全性。中国从“墨子号”的投资中获得了回报。这枚科研卫星于2016年8月16日发射,在距离地球500公里至1200公里处的低轨运行。再加上《科学》周刊今年6月16日发表的成果,中国科学技术大学潘建伟带领的团队完成了三大实验:量子隐形传态、量子纠缠分发和量子密钥分发。此前这些实验仅在地面的光导纤维中完成过。


资料图片:“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星与兴隆量子通信地面站建立天地链路。新华社记者金立旺摄

据法国《世界报》8月15日报道,加拿大研究人员1984年提出了一份保障安全分发密钥的协议,不仅是为了禁止窃听,也是为了确保如果出现窃听当事人能够获悉。中国人将这份协议应用于卫星与地球之间,最短距离(600公里)实现每秒发送数千比特的信息量。巴黎电信技术学院科研教师罗曼·阿洛姆称赞道:“他们解决了大量技术难题。这是工程学的一个大项目。”中国团队面临的挑战包括复杂光电器件的小型化及其对太空环境的适应保证,而且尤其是十分精确的卫星定位和追踪技术的发展。潘建伟指出:“这就像在300米之外追踪一根移动的头发一样。”

报道称,这些进步的技术意义超过了科学意义,因为这些成就此前都在地球上实现过。20世纪80年代初,法国科学家阿兰·阿斯佩完成了“量子纠缠”实验。1989年,加拿大完成首次量子密钥分发。此后很多企业将这种系统商业化。1997年,奥地利安东·蔡林格团队率先完成量子隐形传态实验,当时年轻的潘建伟也是团队成员之一。

欧洲最大量子信息实验室之一量子技术研究中心主任罗纳德·汉松认为:“真是了不起的进展。中国的实验开启了一个新时代。他们完成了首批地空基础量子任务。将遥远的系统通过量子连接起来已经成为现实。”

报道称,长距离传输必须通过太空,因为光导纤维中信号受损导致纠缠与隐形传态被限制在100多公里的距离内才能完成。而且与常规世界相反,在量子物理学中不可能增强或者重复一个信号。因此人们关注宇宙真空环境,即便考虑到大气层的厚度,这里的损耗也要小得多。但成本这么高的网络又有什么用呢?更加安全的密钥当然是个动机,但当前“经典”技术还在发挥作用,而且带有非保密密钥协议。

巴黎第六大学国家科学研究中心研究负责人埃莱妮·迪亚曼蒂明确指出:“当前的量子计算工作让这些系统面临危险,量子密钥是一种解决方案。”研究人员还希望建设有新性能的“量子网络”,能够将计算分发到多个网络节点上完成,而无需节点接触数据。

报道称,中国并不是唯一一个了解这些关乎国家防御和主权的重大挑战。韩国、日本、新加坡和加拿大也有陆地和太空计划,或者是从无人机、热气球和飞机实施的空中计划。在欧洲、研究人员争取人们对发展这些太空技术的关注,却是徒劳。埃莱妮·迪亚曼蒂希望:“这些结果或将刺激欧洲的科研活动。”

报道称,潘建伟现在希望提高密钥系统的效率,把卫星作为两个地面站的中继站来实现安全加密。中国研究者们还提到与欧洲合作完成两大洲之间密钥分发的可能性。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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