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“墨子号”量子通信卫星提前实现既定科学目标 远距离保密通信成为可能

2017-08-10 15:04:14   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 王洹星):8月10日凌晨,中国科学技术大学潘建伟教授领导的中科院联合研究团队宣布,“墨子号”在国际上首次成功实现了从卫星到地面的量子密钥分发和从地面到卫星的量子隐形传态。这两项成果于北京时间当天凌晨同时在线发表在科技期刊杂志《自然》上。至此,“墨子号”圆满实现全部三大既定科学目标。

“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星是去年8月16日升空,今年1月18日正式交付开展科学实验的。据了解,这次“墨子号”实现的两项预定目标,其中一项成果是量子密钥分发,即通过量子态的传输使相距很远的用户共享无条件安全的密钥,人们再利用该密钥对信息进行一次一密的严格加密。而另一项成果是量子隐形传态,即利用量子纠缠将物质的未知量子态精确传送到遥远地点,将其携带的信息传递给对方,无需传送物质本身。

据量子科学实验卫星首席科学家潘建伟介绍,如果再加上今年6月,“墨子号”量子通信卫星已经实现的一个科学目标——在国际上率先实现千公里级星地双向量子纠缠分发和量子力学非定域性检验,就意味着“墨子号”预先设定的三大科学目标全部圆满完成。潘建伟说:“我们也非常开心,我们很快的完成了预想的两年的科学实验任务,其实,我们在一年里就完全完成了。”

潘建伟还指出,目前中国已经与奥地利、德国、意大利进行了合作研究,所以中国量子卫星科研团队可能会在下个月开始探索进行欧洲和亚洲的洲际密钥分发的可能性,这是在研究领域的计划。而在应用领域也会开展相关研究。潘建伟说:“在应用领域,中国量子卫星科研团队已经跟国内的多个业务应用的相关部门进行了洽谈,希望能够把这项技术应用到移动目标,比如说舰艇出海、中国驻外机构,实验能不能和移动目标来有效地进行远距离的量子通信。”

此外,潘建伟介绍,“墨子号”是处于距地球500公里轨道的低轨卫星,单颗卫星无法直接覆盖全球。为了让量子保密通信技术更好地走向实用,量子卫星必须突破白天远距离传输的关键技术,实现24小时全天时通信,并通过像北斗卫星一样的“星群”组网方式,构建天地一体化的全球量子保密通信网络。因此,潘建伟表示,如果国家支持发射多颗量子通信卫星,那么有希望到2030年左右,建成全球化的广域量子通信网络。

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