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中国量子通信再抛重大成果 专家:技术独一无二

2017-08-11 11:48:16   国际在线

【环球网军事8月11日报道 环球时报记者 倪 浩 任 重】全球第一颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子”号10日再次刷屏。这颗卫星的首席科学家、中国科学技术大学潘建伟院士领导的中科院联合研究团队当天向外界又抛出一项重大成果——“墨子”号在国际上第一次成功实现“千公里级”星地双向量子通信。这也意味着中国的“墨子”号量子卫星,已提前完成预先设定的三大科学目标。

英国《金融时报》10日报道说,知名科学期刊《自然》当天发表了中国科学家潘建伟带领的研究团队的实验总结。他们表示,这些通信是在中国中西部的地面站和去年发射的一颗卫星之间进行的,传输距离长达1400公里。这些科学家写道:“以前,长距离(量子)传送实验的距离上限是100公里级。”文章称,中国科学家日前实现了地面与在轨卫星的首次量子通信,向建立“无法破解”的全球通信网络又迈进了关键一步。

“这一结果真的很了不起。”上海纽约大学量子物理学家蒂姆·伯恩斯10日向《金融时报》称赞中国在量子通信方面取得的新成果。伯恩斯说,在中国的这些成功实验之前,量子通信的最长传输距离为143公里。这些实验所涉及的耗资1亿美元的“墨子”号卫星于2016年8月成功发射。中国科学家希望不晚于2021年夏发射第二颗量子通信卫星。

报道说,与能被暗中窃听的传统通信不同,任何人尝试窃听量子通信都会产生可被量子通信网络用户察觉的干扰。研究团队成员、中国科学技术大学教授彭承志表示,“中国现在是量子通信技术的全球领跑者,并正积极与来自奥地利、德国和意大利的该领域科学家合作。中国将在未来5年引领量子空间竞赛。”

英国广播公司(BBC)称,这一先进项目背后还有一个更大的背景:在这项西方长时间以来一直犹豫要不要投资的技术上,中国现在正走在前头。中国推进量子通信技术,意味着这个国家正在大踏步发展那些可能令互联网更安全的应用。其他国家可能在不久后就会发现,他们要向中国购买这些应用。英国伦敦帝国理工大学教授金明湜称,“很长时间以来,人们根本不认为有这种需求”,“当前的编码系统已经非常复杂,人们曾认为这种新技术没有用。”

科技与战略风云学会会长袁岚峰10日接受《环球时报》采访时表示,中国在量子通信卫星领域处于全球独一无二、绝对领先的地位。日本和德国在研究相关的技术,但还没有实现星地之间的量子通信,在全球范围内没有能与“墨子”号比较的项目,其他国家都在以“墨子”号为标准。袁岚峰认为,“墨子”号所包含的技术门槛非常高,这是其他国家还没有达到同等水平的原因。“这颗卫星不是地球同步卫星,相对于地面在高速运动。卫星和地面站之间对准的难度,相当于在50公里外把1枚1角硬币扔进1列全速行驶的高铁上的矿泉水瓶里。而且为了满足量子通信的要求,卫星的一个光脉冲只能发一个光子。以这么高的对准精度,接收这么弱的光信号,这是多么大的挑战!”

袁岚峰认为,在技术层面,“墨子”号将中国的信息保密技术提升到前所未有的高度,奠定了中国在该领域的世界先发优势。

不过,伴随量子通信这一高端科技的并非只有掌声,也伴随着一些质疑。有人质疑量子通信在受到干扰时就会中断,这样的系统或将最终沦为摆设;也有业内人士认为,量子通信的原理是错误的;还有观点认为,既然量子通信优势如此明显,为什么欧美对此漠不关心?对此,袁岚峰认为,量子通信的根本目的是保密而非通畅,这一点发挥出来已经足够;对于量子通信原理错误的指责,袁岚峰认为,指责者并未给出任何实验证据,只凭主观臆断是不严肃的;对于欧美在此领域的发展,袁岚峰称,欧美传统技术强国正在加大对量子通信的投入,而中国历经多年发展和积累在量子通信领域异军突起也并不算意外。

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