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圆满完成实验任务:揭开全球首颗量子通信卫星身世之谜

2017-08-10 03:34:45   中国青年网

[摘要 ]1200公里的超远距离量子纠缠分发成果,1个月前曾登上顶级学术期刊《科学》的封面。这次,星地间的远距离量子密钥分发、量子隐形传态,又同时发表在另一顶级学术期刊《自然》上。

8月10日,中国科学技术大学潘建伟团队宣布,全球首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”圆满完成了三大科学实验任务:量子纠缠分发、量子密钥分发、量子隐形传态。

1200公里的超远距离量子纠缠分发成果,1个月前曾登上顶级学术期刊《科学》的封面。这次,星地间的远距离量子密钥分发、量子隐形传态,又同时发表在另一顶级学术期刊《自然》上。

今天,已在距离地球500公里的轨道上服役将近1年的“墨子号”收获了全世界的目光。它“昨天”的印记留在合肥的大蜀山、北京的八达岭、百余公里的青海湖,还有海拔5100米的西藏阿里。而对于 “明天”的全球量子通信星座网络来说,“墨子号”仅仅是个探路者。

2016年11月9日,在河北兴隆观测站,“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星过境,科研人员在做实验(合成照片)。新华社 资料图

这次量子密钥分发论文的第一作者、中科大副研究员廖胜凯向澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)感慨起往事:“我本科也学过量子力学,但说实话,很多地方不怎么能理解,学完后我就想,这个方向不太擅长,我以后就做个电子学工程师,估计不需要用到这些没太学懂的量子力学知识了。”

蓦然回首,立志做电子学工程师的廖胜凯,进入他“没学懂”的量子力学领域,已经快十年了。

量子隐形传态论文的第一作者、中科大副研究员任继刚,则更期待在基础研究方面的突破。他开玩笑道,美剧《生活大爆炸》里的理论物理学家谢尔顿“看不起”实验物理学家莱纳德,莱纳德又“看不起”工程师霍华德。完成“墨子号”的计划实验之后,任继刚希望用这样一个星地平台,测试更多激动人心的点子。

“这个东西不可能”

早在2003年左右,潘建伟就意识到,要构建一个实用化的全球量子保密通信网络,卫星是目前最可行的一个方案。这是因为,光子在地面光纤上的损耗率太大,而在星地之间,光子“走”的绝大部分路程接近真空。

要把单光子从天下发下来,或者发到天上去。很多人都觉得这个太难了。廖胜凯在加入团队后,面对了无数的挑战,他把这个过程称为“打怪兽”:“来一个小怪兽就打小怪兽,来一个大怪兽就打大怪兽。”此时,廖胜凯深刻体会到了潘建伟在项目初期面临的压力。

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