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媒体:当前楼市处“弱平衡” 须防炒作卷土重来

2017-07-04 04:28:07   经济参考报

原标题:楼市“弱平衡”须防炒作卷土重来

3月中旬以来,全国各地出台严厉的房地产调控政策,从过去以限贷和限购为主要特征的“两限”,进一步升级到限贷、限购、限价、限商和限售等“五限”措施,对住宅投机炒作行为进行围剿,取得了积极成效。据国家统计局数据,5月,具有楼市风向标的北京市二手房价格环比下降0.9%;15个一线和热点二线城市房地产市场基本稳定,其中九个城市新建商品住宅价格下降或持平。

尽管如此,热点城市房价上涨预期尚未逆转,土地价格仍明显上涨。综合来看,当前楼市正处于“弱平衡”状态,市场稍有些风吹草动,都可能会打破这一局面,引发连锁反应。

应该看到,我国房地产市场基本面正发生根本性变化。从政策层面看,“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”,已经有效落实到具体的政策实践之中。

从资金面看,随着美联储年内第二次加息并公布了缩表计划,加上欧元区经济回暖,全球主要经济体退出量化宽松货币政策的预期趋向稳定。2017年5月,我国广义货币供应量M2同比增长9.6%,为近年来首次低于两位数的增长,未来货币供应量低速运行或将成为常态。而我国金融降杠杆进程中的金融业务规范管理,也将限制社会资金进入房地产的速度和规模。

从刚性住房需求分析,大多数刚需可能已经满足,一部分刚需因为高昂房价被商品房市场彻底隔离,因而具备经济意义的房地产市场供求已基本平衡。3月中旬以来,在各地严厉房地产调控政策措施出台后,市场交易量急剧萎缩。今年1至5月,全国商品房销售面积同比增长14.3%,增幅较上年同期下降了18.9个百分点。热点城市交易“速冻”的情况更为明显,北京商品住宅销售面积同比下降24.6%。基本面决定了楼市未来一段时间可能会释放内在调整动力。

不过,热点城市房价上涨预期依然强烈。据中原地产统计,截至6月20日,全国卖地最多的50个大中城市合计卖地金额同比上涨36.3%,平均地价上涨32.6%。虽然土地供应增加能够缓解热点城市供求错位矛盾,但地价明显上涨,反映出房地产开发企业的乐观预期没有发生实质变化,房价上涨预期尚未根本逆转。市场炒作的动力,正是源于对热点城市房价刚性上涨的信念。因此,市场投机炒作力量可能只是暂时偃旗息鼓,如果影响房地产市场的因素发生变化,投机炒作仍可能卷土重来。

数据显示,2017年5月全国70个大中城市中,大多数城市房价仍在上涨,涨幅有所回落,深刻反映出我国社会根深蒂固的炒房顽疾。2003年以来,我国房价特别是热点城市住房价格持续大幅上涨,巨大财富效应释放了空前的房地产投资投机需求,进而形成一种炒房惯性。与此同时,地方经济发展与房地产业高度关联并逐步形成路径依赖,导致房地产市场在相当长时间内“拒绝调整”,而社会资金大量涌入热点城市房地产市场,制造业转型升级“失血”,经营实体不如买房坐等升值,一定程度上改变了有关区域社会经济金融的运行结构,这些都与供给侧结构性改革背离。

总体来看,当前我国楼市正处在“弱平衡”状态。为防止投机炒作卷土重来,在落实“五限”措施的同时,要加快推出房地产市场调控的长效机制。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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