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英经济学家:中国经济减速是"传说" 只是增速放缓

2017-06-23 15:00:19   参考消息

核心提示:卢思的分析认为,尽管中国经济并非确保可以持续强劲增长,但也不是一定会从此减速。他说,有关中国的另一个“传说”是,随着劳动力越来越从制造业转移到服务业,生产力增长速度也会放缓。

参考消息网6月23日报道 英媒称,中国经济增长率曾在2007年高达14.2%,如今已经下降到不足7%。主流观点认为,跻身中等收入行列的国家一般都无法维持经济高速增长,中国如今的情况也一样。然而,英国法通投资管理公司全球新兴市场经济学家埃里克·卢思却认为,上述假设可能有瑕疵。

英国《金融时报》网站6月21日报道说,首先,卢思把中国与其更为发达的邻居进行了对比,他说“按人均国内生产总值衡量,当年中国周边的亚洲经济体达到中国如今的发展水平时,经济减速只是个传说”。例如韩国在1989年达到中国目前水平后的一段时期甚至维持了8%的增长率。

卢思的分析认为,尽管中国经济并非确保可以持续强劲增长,但也不是一定会从此减速。他说,有关中国的另一个“传说”是,随着劳动力越来越从制造业转移到服务业,生产力增长速度也会放缓。他以韩国在1988年以后的经历作为佐证,这种程度的转移至少在2040年以前不会发生。

卢思说,中国制造业将继续雇用近40%的劳动力。服务业的就业将继续上升到约占劳动力的60%,但这个增长空间将由大量剩余农村劳动力填补。

至于中国劳动力人口的缩减问题,卢思承认这将影响中国的增长趋势。然而,据他估算,这个因素今年将降低0.25至0.5个百分点的增长,但接下去六年的影响将比今年小。

此外,中国提高退休年龄对扩大劳动力规模也有很大帮助。

报道称,对于这个分析,一种明显的相反观点是,拥有庞大人口的中国将遭遇人口较少的邻居们当年发展时未曾经历的增长限制。

卢思说:“目前有两个限制。第一是中国以出口为导向的增长模式比其他国家和地区更早遭遇动力缺失问题,因为如今的全球市场需求不足以支撑其增长模式;第二是全球自然资源的限制。”

出口限制将更棘手,但他认为中国的国内市场规模至少意味着“不断增长的”国内需求十分庞大。

然而,卢思并非无条件地对中国经济表示乐观,他仍担心中国经济增长会持续放缓,但不是因上述所有原因,他指的是“已经创历史纪录的信贷泡沫问题,随着经济去杠杆操作,可能影响经济增长”。从房地产价格到国有企业债务负担,都需要担心。

卢思认为,关键问题是中国是会重复日本在上世纪90年代初的“硬着陆”命运;还是成功实现“软着陆”,一段时期内年增长率只下降0.5个百分点。他支持后一种可能性,理由是中国房地产价值的高估程度并不像上世纪90年代初的日本那样严重。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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