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中国各项经济指标好于预期 人民币汇率或将继续企稳

2017-06-19 10:37:29   

美联储加息对人民币汇率有何影响?多位分析人士预计,人民币汇率将继续企稳。

美联储加息后,人民币对美元汇率中间价上涨87个基点,报6.7852,创去年11月份以来新高。虽然在6月16日人民币对美元汇率中间价较前一交易日下跌143个基点,但工银国际首席经济学家程实认为,加息早在意料之中,市场已习以为常,人民币对美元短期企稳的态势不会发生根本性改变。

多位分析人士认为,本次美联储加息对人民币汇率波动影响不会太大。一方面,市场早已对本次加息形成一致预期,影响提前释放;另一方面,从基本面来看,我国经济中长期稳定发展态势没有改变,仍能对汇率形成良好支撑。

年初以来,我国经济开局良好,各项经济指标好于预期。资金流出压力明显减轻,境内外汇供求更趋平衡。今年上半年,外汇占款降幅不断收窄,外汇储备持续增长。6月7日公布的数据显示,截至5月31日,我国外汇储备规模为30536亿美元,已经连续第四个月回升。

另外,随着国内金融市场调整,境内外利差扩大,也对汇率形成了一定支撑。中美利差目前仍处历史高位。近期,美国长端利率从2.6%下行至2.1%左右,中国长端利率则上行至3.65%左右,目前中美仍有150个基点左右的息差。

“非美货币对美元汇率可能不会面对类似2015年末和2016年末的大幅贬值压力,人民币对美元汇率短期企稳的态势也不会发生根本性改变。”程实认为,在汇率企稳前提下,伴随欧洲央行首次将人民币纳入外汇储备的短期激励,人民币国际化今年加速推进的大趋势也不会受到美联储加息的明显影响。

欧洲央行日前发布公告称,今年上半年通过出售美元,共增加等值5亿欧元的人民币外汇储备。这是欧洲央行首次将人民币纳入外汇储备。

“欧洲央行此举也有助于人民币汇率短期企稳。”民生证券副总裁、研究院院长管清友认为,2014年6月份以来,跟随美元被动升值而积攒的人民币汇率贬值压力已基本释放完毕,加之近期在中间价报价中引入逆周期调节因子后,贬值预期也明显减弱。5月底,人民币对美元汇率中间价引入逆周期调节因子后,中间价由此前的6.87左右一路升至6.79。

交通银行金融研究中心高级研究员刘健也表示,通常开放经济体应对美国加息的两种主要办法是同步加息或者本币贬值。但我国目前资本账户尚未开放,我国运用加息和本币贬值去应对美国加息的必要性不足。

“从国际既往经验来看,较为缓和的缩表及明确的路径指引将大幅降低对金融市场的冲击。”管清友认为,随着时间的拉长和预期的稳定,美联储缩表冲击将逐渐弱化。

最新数据显示,5月份银行结售汇逆差171亿美元,环比增长15%,反映了目前我国境内外汇供求仍保持相对平衡状态。

展望未来跨境资金流动整体形势,外汇局有关负责人表示,总体来看,当前我国跨境资金流动回稳向好、外汇供求保持基本平衡的内外部环境依然存在,尤其是国内经济持续运行在合理区间的基础更加稳固,人民币汇率中间价形成机制不断完善,境内主体涉外收支行为将更趋理性。

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