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媒体:中国入世15年 市场经济地位遭非市场阻力

2016-12-09 08:19:28   经济参考

今年12月11日,中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)期满15年,理应获得该组织框架下的“市场经济地位”。但出于保护主义抬头因素影响,欧盟、美国、日本官方表态以及部分商业团体呼吁反对中国获得此待遇,并酝酿在多行业加收惩罚性关税措施。带有保护主义色彩的举动不仅无益于全球贸易发展,还会损伤自身的经济活力。在不利局面下,中国更积极地建设自贸区成为必要选项。

概念被偷换

欧美官员今年以来屡次发声反对中国合理获得市场经济地位,希望藉此继续对中国部分产品征收惩罚性关税。日本本周也追随欧美基调,加入反对阵营。中国出口商面临关税成本增加的风险。这凸显在经济复苏疲弱、就业增长不力情形下,贸易保护主义抬头。

美国商务部长普里茨克11月底公开表示,美国改变对中国是否已取得市场经济地位的评估方式的时机尚不成熟,而且也没有要求美国调整反倾销税计算方法的国际贸易规则。这显示美方将不会如期承认中国市场经济地位。

商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳公开回应称,承认中国“市场经济地位”与弃用反倾销“替代国”做法是两个问题,不可混为一谈,美方不应继续以“市场经济地位”为名推卸本应承担的国际义务。

根据《中国加入世贸组织议定书》第15条规定,世贸组织成员应于2016年12月11日终止对华反倾销的“替代国”做法。此后,世贸组织成员在对中国产品发起反倾销调查时,必须按照世贸组织通行规则,以中国企业的价格和成本为基础确定倾销幅度。

沈丹阳表示,这是中国作为世贸组织成员应该享有的权利,也是其他所有世贸组织成员必须履行的义务。这与中国是否满足美国国内法关于市场经济国家的判断标准没有关系。

他指出,中方已向美方多次就此问题重申了相关立场,美方应该非常清楚两者之间的区别。中方呼吁美方如期、全面、彻底履行第15条义务,推动中美经贸关系的顺利发展。

另外,欧盟委员会11月9日向欧洲议会和欧洲理事会正式提交修改反倾销法律制度的提案,意在通过偷换概念,令中国无法从“市场经济地位”上获得合理待遇。欧盟官员公开表示,将设计新的机制确保在与中国贸易时自身的贸易救济能力。

日本最近的表态也显示其追随了欧美反对中国市场经济地位的立场。根据《日本经济新闻》报道,围绕中国在世界贸易组织协定中的市场经济地位问题,日本政府日前确定了维持现状、不承认中国“市场经济国”地位的方针。对于中国的过度倾销,日本将继续维持易于采取提高关税等措施的状态。

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