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媒体:紧跟美国欧洲,日本也用这个议题挑衅中国

2016-12-09 07:33:22   侠客岛

原标题:【解局】紧跟美国欧洲,日本也用这个议题挑衅中国

世界依然不消停。晚间突发一则重磅消息:日本经济产业省正式宣布,关于中国在世界贸易组织(WTO)中的地位,已决定继续不承认中国是“市场经济国家”;日本将维持容易对不当倾销征收高关税的“反倾销税”机制。

关于中国是不是“市场经济国家”,在今年5月其实就已经被炒作过一轮——当时的背景是,欧洲议会以压倒性多数通过决议,拒绝同意中国在今年自动获得“完全市场经济地位”的议案(虽然这一决议对各国并不具有强制力,欧盟内部也存分歧)。同样,美国也多次表态,不会承认中国的这一地位。

美、欧、日究竟是在闹哪样?中国的“市场经济”地位,为什么需要他国的认可?

算法

还有3天,也就是到12月11日,中国就将迎来加入世贸组织15周年的纪念日。按照当初签订的入世协议,中国应当在加入这一组织15年后,自动获得“完全市场经济地位”。

“完全市场经济地位”,这个听起来很专业的名词,其实就是一种名分。这种名分可不只是虚名,它会在国际贸易中带来实实在在的好处。一国获得这一名分与否,所受待遇可真是天差地别。

举例来说,如果中国被美国认可为完全市场经济地位,当美国想对从中国进口的彩电进行反倾销调查时,就只能调查在中国彩电的市场价格是多少。结果人家兴冲冲地来了,发现在中国彩电只卖300美元,而在美国的售价却有350美元。那么很可惜,倾销指控不成立,美国也就没有理由再去征收高额的反倾销税。

如果美国不认可中国是完全市场经济国家,在进行反倾销调查时,就会是完全不同的做法——他们就不会选择调查中国市场的彩电价格,因为它认为中国市场的价格发生了扭曲,调查结果是不真实的。那怎么进行调查呢?很简单,找一个“合适”的替代国,去这个替代国调查该国彩电的市场价格。

所以,玄机就在于替代国的选择上。

遗憾的是,绝大部分针对中国的反倾销调查所选的替代国对中国企业都很不利。比如选择新加坡作为替代国,该国生产彩电的各项成本远远高于中国,结果一台彩电的市场价格是500美元,这明显高于中国彩电在美国的售价。很好,倾销指控成立,美国可以据此对中国彩电加征巨额反倾销税和惩罚性关税。

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