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专家:反击西方“替代国”做法 中国能文能武

2016-12-21 19:56:05   

原标题:专访苏格、牛弹琴:反击西方“替代国”做法 中国能文能武

今年12月11日,中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)期满15年。根据规定,世贸组织成员对华反倾销“替代国”做法应该自此终止,但美国、欧盟迄今没有履行义务。对此,新华网专访了中国国际问题研究院院长苏格,新华社《环球》杂志副总编辑、微信公众号牛弹琴的作者刘洪。以下是访谈实录:

新华网:按照规定,世贸组织成员应于今年12月11日终止对华反倾销的“替代国”做法。但近期美国、日本、欧盟等少数国家却以中国不是“市场经济国家”为由,拒不履行WTO的条款。为什么他们在要履约时出现“耍赖”的做法?

苏格:WTO宗旨是什么?就是推进全球一体化,促进世界贸易发展,把经济繁荣的蛋糕做大。在加入该组织进程中,各国通过一系列协议,消除或降低贸易壁垒(拆除篱笆、减少“隔阂”),形成世界或区域贸易的互联互通。

从中国的发展进程来看,中国现在的市场经济成分和15年前相比已不可同日而语。当时WTO成员觉得中国基本符合市场经济的条件,经过15年的努力反而有人质疑,我觉得这质疑本身就应该放置一个大大的问号。此外,对中国提出质疑的是谁呢?往往是与中国有很深贸易交往的国家,这里是不是有不顾事实而只顾自己利益的问题?

国际经贸体系有一个规则,称作“替代国制度”。主要用于国际贸易争端,判定是否存在倾销。针对来自于非市场经济体的商品,在确定其正常价值时,不采纳其出口国商品的实际成本,而另行选择一个市场经济第三国的同类相似商品计算所谓“正常”价值。

现在少数国家不承认中国是市场经济国家,在判断中国商品是否构成倾销时,就会找一个“替代国”,比如韩国、新加坡、日本。假如“替代国”同类商品比中国卖得贵,就可以把“倾销”的罪名加到中国身上。

根据中国加入世贸组织议定书第15条规定,世贸组织成员对华反倾销“替代国”做法于12月11日终止。但现在有人反悔了,不认账了。国际协定中,有一个亘古不变的规矩,就是言必信、行必果。这是当时大家的约定,现在该兑现了。

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