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个税改革方案有望明年出炉 增加专项扣除是改革方向

2016-11-22 19:04:52   央广网

央广网北京11月22日消息(记者刘祎辰张明浩)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,近日有媒体报道称,个税改革正在提速推进,方案有望在明年上半年出炉。再教育支出将成为抵扣首选,首套房贷款利率也有望纳入税前扣除。事实上,这已经不是舆论热炒个税改革中的专项扣除。记者采访中,相关人士确认增加专项扣除是改革方向,但具体哪些可以确定纳入,现在评论还言之尚早。

个人所得税,从名称上来看就与每个人息息相关。因此无怪乎个税改革启动以来,舆论焦点无数。其中,哪些费用将纳入专项抵扣屡次大吸眼球。事实上,在今年“两会”期间的新闻发布会上,原财政部部长楼继伟就曾经表示,此次改革,不会再简单地提高所谓个税起征点。他指出,一个人的工资五千块钱可以过日子过得不错,如果还要养孩子,甚至还要有一个需要赡养的老人,就非常拮据,所以统一减除标准本身就不公平,在工薪所得项下持续提高减除标准就不是一个方向。

那么方向是什么?专业来说,就是进行分类和综合相结合的改革,将部分收入纳入综合,同时建立基本扣除加专项扣除的机制,适当增加专项扣除。通俗解释一下,就是一些收入项会加在一起按税率扣税,而一些费用,则将从计算税额的基数中扣除,从而减轻中低收入者的税收负担。

中国财政科学院院长研究员孙刚表示,分类就是把各种收入分成很多类,每一类都有税率表,有不同的扣除方法。好处就是计算简单,彼此不相关。坏处是有的人就是工资这一项,有的人很多项,收入种类越多,扣除的次数就越多,这样就产生了横向的不公平。那国外现在很多都采取了综合的,所有收入综合在一起,使用一张税率表,这样比较公平,我们现在改革是向着这个方向发展。

事实上,个税改革的思路已经在一些领域推开:比如,在现行3500元起征点和三险一金扣除的基础上,今年起我国已经在31个城市试点商业健康保险扣除政策,下一步还将开展税收递延型商业养老保险试点。再比如,9月22日,财政部、国税总局联合下发《关于完善股权激励和技术入股有关所得税政策的通知》,将科技成果股权激励两步纳税合并成一步纳税,纳税比例从40%左右下降至20%。税务系统也提出未来将相应建立自然人税收管理体系。

中国人民大学教授朱青表示,例如分类所得税比如工资,主要是代扣代缴;如果实行综合分类相结合,就还要自己每年把各种收入加总报税,这叫代扣代缴与个人申报相结合。这样征管方式就发生变化了,税务机关就需要有一个技术支撑。这个技术支撑就是它要知道每个人的收入有多少,一个自然人,他可能在北京有收入,在上海也有收入,甚至国外也有收入,所以这个技术支撑就很有必要了。

思路一出,引发的就是长时间跨度的猜测。究竟哪些费用将会进入个人所得税未来的税前扣除?从首套房贷到二孩教育再到养老支出,社会各界的猜想五花八门,每一次都引来关注。但接近政策制定部门的相关人士表示,税收法定原则下,个税改革方案尚未提交人大审议,此时怎样的猜测与评论都还言之尚早,但通过增加扣除公平税制的确是方向。

相关人士表明,希望在现有的政策基础之内,增加一些扣除。目前对扣除的社会反向也很大。基本想法是扣除更加合理,能惠及千家万户,来达到降低中低收入者负担的一个方法。

不过,中国财政科学院院长刘尚希也表示,个税改革非常重要,要实现个人所得税的税收调节作用也不假,但也不应将过多过广的效果寄希望于仅仅一个个税改革。事实上,经过连续调整个人所得税起征点,我国的个税纳税人早已不足全体劳动人口的10%。他指出,不能让个人所得税承当过多的功能,教育的问题,房贷的问题都能通过个税解决吗?个税本身就占全国税收的6%,交税的人占9亿劳动力的10%,这要通过公共服务去解决。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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