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美国贸易保护核武器"301条款"来了!日本心有余悸

2017-08-16 13:59:29   瞭望智库

“特朗普要和中国开打贸易战了吗?”

从本月月初,美国媒体就传出来这样一则消息,随即引发了国际舆论“震荡”。仅隔十几天后,就在昨天,美国总统特朗普签署行政备忘录,授权美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽就中国是否涉嫌窃取美国知识产权一事进行研究,并决定是否开展调查。特朗普称,“这只是开始”。特朗普此次没有提出任何具体举措。

不过,这份行政备忘录并不意味着美国将立刻启动相关具体调查,也不意味着一定会出台针对中国的制裁措施。只是往中美贸易战的路上又迈出了一大步。

按理说,对于“一言不合就制裁”的美国来说,中美之间的贸易战是年年打,各种打法轮番上阵,屡见不鲜,这次怎么就引起轩然大波了呢?

问题的关键在于:特朗普的贸易代表莱特希泽可能会动用“301条款”对中国贸易行为发起调查。由于威力巨大,“301条款”被认为是美国贸易保护的“核武器”!

“301条款”真有这么厉害吗?对于美国祭出的这个“大杀器”各国反映如何呢?中国又该如何应对?

文|库叔 本文由瞭望智库综合。

1,树敌

最近美国频繁挥起制裁的“大棒”,首当其冲的其实并不是中国,而是其他几个美国的“眼中钉”——俄罗斯、伊朗和朝鲜。当然,欧盟也被波及。

美国给出的制裁理由依然“老调重弹”:俄罗斯涉嫌干涉美国2016年总统选举和乌克兰危机等,而伊朗和朝鲜则是发展弹道导弹项目。

特朗普签署制裁俄罗斯法案(来源:路透社)

但这次的制裁手段却十分凶狠,尤其是深深地捅给俄罗斯的一刀。除了对俄罗斯的金融、能源等领域以及部分机构和个人的制裁之外,美国还将把针对俄罗斯能源管道项目投资达到一定规模的外国企业列为制裁对象。也就是说,制裁生效后,那些不敢得罪美国的国家和企业将不敢再给俄罗斯的油气管道融资了,而油气出口是俄罗斯的经济命脉。

被人扼住咽喉的俄罗斯当然进行了强力反击,制裁法案还没签署前俄就驱逐了755名美国驻俄外交官。

美俄关系旋即滑入冰点。

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