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煤炭出口大涨,特朗普抢功 美媒:功在中印

2017-08-08 16:43:01   新华网

美国总统特朗普当选后不久就承诺要重振美国煤炭业,今年1-7月,美国煤炭出口果然大幅增长,特朗普也早早当仁不让地把功劳揽在自己身上。

然而,美国一些媒体却不买账,他们摆出数据,认为美国煤炭业主要应该感谢亚洲,尤其是今年以来中国的需求拉高了煤炭价格。《麻省理工科技评论》(technologyreview.com)就是最近的质疑者之一,该网站8月8日发文称,美国煤炭产量大增,国内市场却不断缩小,主要供应中国和印度的亚洲买家。

文章称,特朗普当选不久,我们就分析过,他要重振美国煤炭工业的承诺是一张空头支票。天然气太便宜,煤矿就业下滑了数十年,这并不是奥巴马“煤炭战争”的锅。

现在,有趣的事情发生了,2017年上半年美国煤炭出口在多年下滑后大幅增长,这是特朗普在践行他的诺言吗?

确实,在特朗普对煤炭企业的政策倾斜下,美国煤炭生产正在恢复,但是,有些对煤炭业不利的事情也同时发生,美国的燃煤发电厂正在持续关闭,煤炭发电不断被更便宜的天然气和其他新能源所取代,被寄予厚望的“清洁煤”技术也被判了死刑。五年来,全美煤炭消耗量减少了30%,同时,欧洲淘汰化石燃料的计划也正持续推进。

那么,在特朗普指示下多挖出来的煤,去了哪里呢?答案是亚洲。中国和印度,这是当今世界煤炭需求最多的三个国家中的两个。

路透社7月30日的报道给出了更详细的数据和讨论。

报道称,美国煤炭业工人真正要感谢的是中国政府,正是中国的国内政策,使国际煤价提高,美国煤炭出口才得以卖一个好价钱(去年,中国政府对煤矿的运营时间作出了限制,导致用于炼钢的炼焦煤产量下降。在全球,此举导致炼焦煤的价格上涨了2倍。而在涨价后,此前亏损的美国煤矿,可以通过出口盈利。此后,价格虽然有所回落,但仍处于近几年来的高位。)

特朗普已经把煤炭业复苏的功劳揽到了自己头上,然而,实际上美国煤炭出口的增长并不是可持续的。

近年来的美国媒体出口数据表明,亚洲的煤炭价格是左右美国煤炭出口的决定性因素,只有价格达到合理的高度,美国煤炭船运出口才是有利可图的。

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