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快播案:法治和舆情当以正义为交点

2016-01-11 15:59:00   新京报

连日来,作为2016年“互联网开年第一案”的快播案庭审,成为社会关注的焦点。庭审控辩双方表现的社会评价、技术中立能否成为有效抗辩事由,及由本案衍生出来的网络实名制、未成年人保护和制定技术标准的讨论等等,都汇聚成强烈司法民意不断激荡于网络舆情之中。

快播案进入公共空间后引发巨大社会反响,既跟快播的用户基数有关,也跟司法公开程度和网络传播技术的发达休戚相关:正是“长镜头”全方位的庭审直播,为公众围观这场总时长达20多小时的“司法大剧”提供了窗口,互联网+法治传播的技术让庭审变为法治的讲堂。

自从该案跨越“公开”门槛,就无可避免伴随着多元化解读。就现在而言,庭审上的有些“语录”在网上被编成了段子,也有人就问题分析问题;有人基于生活体验和身份立场去说事,也有人从网络技术伦理层面探讨技术便利性的“正确用途”与网络技术产品道德……这也折射出了人们特别是网民的法治认知地貌的坑洼不平。

毫无疑问,讨论与争议也是促使司法个案实现“看得见的正义”的动力。但也要看到,凝结在该案上的技术与法律因素,有些有着专业知识的门槛,这些既无法完全跟现实舆论环境隔绝,也不可能被舆情左右,抑或是把法律问题道德化。像被告人是否有罪、罪轻罪重,这些在司法范畴内的事宜交给司法裁决。而庭审网络直播的本质意图,也是通过舆论监督确保“司法归司法”、不受干扰,而不是呼吁偏离法治理念的“网络审判”。

像该案中,公众对网络技术的理解,成了影响其是非判断的重要因素。很多网民轻易会接受“快播只是个播放器”的判断。技术本身的工具性,使其天生就拥有在法律上的“中立性”,近年来国内外的很多判例中,都将技术中立作为网络服务提供者豁免责任的主要抗辩事由。

但技术中立也存在法律、道德上的界限。现在很多网络技术领域专业人士倾向于认为,快播主要是利用P2P技术的播放平台,按照点击量把“热门视频”的缓存,存储于自己两千个服务器之中,再通过直接或间接的推荐和搜索向用户加以展示。这让快播从中立的播放器变为了实际上的传播者。从法律层面看,一旦相关资源涉嫌违法,快播很难规避法律责任。事实上,快播的技术构成与云盘、即时通讯工具、邮箱等传播方式不同,后者的服务器不会主动抓取用户上传的资源,也不会将用户的资源以“缓存”方式存储提供给第三人,而快播会。

而此案的最终走向,也终究要依托于技术本身判断,置于法律视野中考量,以确保公平正义。审判公开,其实也是确保公平正义的方式,但其公开目的不止于此,还在于面向社会的普法教育。对公众而言,既然像快播这类案件有很强的专业性,超出一般人的知识范围,司法机关在秉承公开、独立审判的同时,就应借助互联网+的传播手段,用专业知识主动、及时给公众释疑解惑,让其判决被信服。

说到底,快播案上技术与法律、舆情与司法交织的局面,是对网络时代的司法践行提出的要求:既要在接受舆论监督中,秉持司法独立公正审判,也要及时回应舆论关切,多向公众释疑,这样,才能让正义成为法治和舆情的交汇点,也能让公众观念跟法治理念间得到更多磨合。

责任编辑:梁新华 CN043
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