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人民日报评“南海仲裁案菲方证据”:自相矛盾

2016-05-25 08:01:44   

真相永远只有一个(钟声)——关于南海仲裁案中菲方历史证据的使用

2013年1月,菲律宾单方面提起《联合国海洋法公约》附件七项下的强制仲裁,否定中国在南海享有的历史性权利是其核心诉讼请求之一。

历史性权利是中国在南海诸岛及相关海域长期的历史实践中确立形成的航行、捕鱼、行政管制等相关权利,以坚实的历史事实做支撑,拥有确凿可考的历史证据。

而菲方为了达到诉讼目的,不惜编造无耻谰言,精心炮制了一系列根本经不起推敲、完全站不住脚的历史证据。仔细分析其手段,有以下特点:

第一,自相矛盾。领土主权问题不是《公约》解释或适用问题,菲方精心包装其仲裁诉求,意欲造成仲裁请求与岛礁主权无关的假象。但在证据的组织上,菲方却夹带私货,包藏祸心,不顾中国对南海诸岛最早发现、命名、长期开发利用、持续和平有效行使管辖这一完整的证据链条,不时强调“中国领土范围最南界限不超过海南岛”,“直到1933年才对南海岛礁提出主权要求”,“中国未对南海诸岛行使管辖”等。

第二,断章取义。菲方在使用文字证据时,多次隐瞒全文意旨,只截取可支持其立场的只言片语。如其提出“1937年的中国政府文件确认西沙群岛是中国领土的最南端”。菲方采用的这份1937年的国防委员会秘书处的文件,相关段落实为“今之地理学者谓中国国疆之最南端为西沙群岛之特里屯岛(即我中建岛),然一考吾国向南发展之历史,该海南九岛似亦应属吾国领有……”事实上,根据流传至今的历史文献,我国宋代以来的地方志、明代以来的地图,已将“石塘”“长沙”明确列入我国疆域范围。民国时期,中国政府于1934年至1935年专门审定我国南海诸岛地名,编印《中国南海各岛屿图》,明确标绘南海诸岛属中国版图。

第三,刻意隐瞒。在大量对中国有利的历史证据面前,菲方选择性失明,比如声称1947年以前,中国从未对南海诸岛进行命名;中国在南海航行刻意避开南沙群岛附近的危险区域。为此,菲方刻意隐瞒明清以来,中国渔民在南沙水域捕鱼作业,已成为南沙群岛主人的历史事实,而上述事实有多个版本的《更路簿》可以证明。作为前往“南海危险区域”的航行指南,《更路簿》对前往西南沙岛礁捕鱼作业的航向航程做了精准描述,提到的西沙传统地名有30多个,南沙传统地名有70多个,一些地名被西方所采用,比如Nam Yit(渔民称南乙,鸿庥岛),Subi(渔民称丑未,渚碧礁),Sin Cowe(渔民称秤钩,景宏岛)。不但如此,19世纪以来的外国文献也记录只有中国渔民在岛上生产生活的历史事实,如1868年英国皇家海军的《中国海指南》,1923年美国海军海道测量署的《亚洲领航》,1940年日本前海军中佐小仓卯之助的《暴风之岛》等。

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