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商业银行开发贷资产质量承压:分析师提示“周转率为王”

2017-09-26 07:32:57   中国经济网

近年来屡屡被传停贷的开发贷,可以说是涉房贷款中的“弱势群体”。

相对于按揭贷款,同为涉房贷款的开发贷的规模要小很多,且资产质量确实也相形见绌——部分国有大行开发贷的不良贷款率超过了2%。

商业银行对此的态度是“抓大放小”,增强对行业龙头企业的支持,对中小房企则愈发谨慎;而券商分析师则提醒,在房企竞争的3.0时代,与资金使用效率高度相关的周转率才是核心竞争力。

开发贷资产质量分化

大行不良贷款率较高

今年中期,上市银行开发贷的资产质量分化明显。披露了开发贷资产质量的三家国有大行开发贷不良贷款率均超过了2%,甚至最高达到2.26%。

当然,并非所有上市银行开发贷的不良贷款率都较高,股份制银行披露出来的数据要好得多:兴业银行该项指标为0.62%,中信银行为0.07%,浦发银行为0.28%,招商银行为1.07%。

不过,仅四家国有大行合计的开发贷余额就达到了2.58万亿元,而25家A股上市银行房地产开发贷款

合计为4.68万亿元,四大行的开发贷占比约为55%。

“开发贷主要资金来源是国有大行,国有大行的资产质量和态度毫无疑问是最关键的;部分股份制银行最近几年对待开发贷的热情虽然有所上升,但是基数较小,影响力有限”,某股份制银行人士对《证券日报》记者表示。

由于开发贷资产质量承压,银行对于客户的选择自然愈加谨慎,在原有白名单的基础上,对行业龙头进行倾斜。

某股份制银行华南地区分行行长曾对《证券日报》记者表示,该分行低不良贷款率(低于0.2%)的秘诀之一就是“聚焦‘三优一特’公司客户,即优质上市公司、大优企业、大优项目以及区域特色,推进名单制管理和开发”。

地产龙头“秀恩爱”

银行借款仍是主渠道

对于市场各方对于房企的融资能力有着可谓超乎寻常的关注,被银行青睐的龙头上市房企也乐于主动在财报中披露自己稳健的融资结构以及较为划算的融资成本。此外,已经获得而尚未使用的授信也是房企对于自己流动性宽松的佐证。

保利地产表示,公司凭借出色的业绩表现和良好的企业信誉,与各大金融机构建立了长期、稳定的合作关系。在传统银行融资上,公司发挥央企优势,不断巩固银企合作关系。截至目前,公司银行贷款授信额度3297亿元,剩余未使用额度1925亿元,与此同时,公司新获取银行贷款平均融资成本仅为4.66%,显著低于行业可比公司。

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