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偿二代二期工程来了 剑指资产不实等问题

2017-09-25 08:41:53   中国经济网

对投资品种设置资本占用风险因子,如果资本占用额度用光,一些资产就不能投,除非扩充资本。

近日,保监会印发《偿二代二期工程建设方案》(下称“《方案》”),计划用3年左右时间,通过完善监管规则、健全运行机制、加强监管合作,进一步推进偿二代政策的落地和全面升级。

《方案》明确,重点解决当前存在保险公司资本不实、关联交易复杂、资产不实、多层嵌套导致底层资产不清、产品不透明、非理性举牌问题、局部流动性风险突出、保障功能发挥不足等问题和制度漏洞。

四方面加强监管

中国保险资产管理业协会会员评价专家、高级经济师马勇在接受《国际金融报》记者采访时表示,《方案》明确了偿二代二期工程建设的指导思想、总体目标、具体任务、时间安排和工作机制。

具体来看,二期工程从四方面加强了监管。据马勇介绍,一是工作机制创新。创新实施项目负责制和专家咨询机制,实行开门、开放、开明搞建设,集全行业智慧和力量,用三年时间通过完善监管规则、健全运行机制、加强监管合作,进一步推动偿二代的扎实落地和全面升级。

二是着力解决行业信用问题。保监会将在压力测试、流动性测试、风险综合评级、偿付能力风险管理评估方面进一步细化标准,发展更全面的风险管理体系。

三是对保险集团实施更细化的资本要求,有助于控制关联方风险并增强保险集团层面的资本要求。

四是要求保险公司实行穿透性评估来调查另类投资的基础资产,并在其偿付比率计算中确定实际资本和风险资本计提时计入相关表外业务。此举将限制保险公司使用复杂、不透明的结构来掩盖其对高风险投资的真实敞口以及对特定行业或债务人的集中度并低估其财务杠杆。

同时,修改权益类投资和另类资产的最低资本标准,尤其是长期股权投资、房地产投资和基础设施投资。“修订的标准将会使这些类型资产的风险资本计提与其实际风险更相符,推动行业另类投资的迅速增长,进而改善保险公司的投资配置,更好地服务支持实体经济。”马勇称。

影响另类资产配置

在分析人士看来,总体而言,“偿二代”二期工程主要是针对资产端予以完善,因为资产端的创新多、跨界多,监管难度更大,对偿付能力充足率的影响也较明显。

《方案》中提出15项完善监管规则的具体任务。包括研究和探索在资本计量中引入调控性特征因子,更好地体现监管和政策导向,引导保险业回归本源;修订完善资本的定义,提高资本标准,强化资本的真实性、合规性;校准更新最低资本要求,重点在市场风险、信用风险、保险风险,增设对集中度风险的资本要求等。

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