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“看市吃饭”难改 主动量化基金加强风格择时

2017-09-26 06:47:54   中国经济网

□本报记者 姜沁诗

随着市场行情不断发酵,主动量化基金在三季度打了一场“翻身仗”,不仅将上半年平均为负的业绩“转正”,绩优量化基金也开始迎头赶上,在整体权益类基金中排名靠前。不过有业内人士分析,从某种意义上来说,虽然业绩回归,但从今年整体表现来看,主动量化基金仍然普遍难改“看市吃饭”局面,若是处在不合适量化基金模型的市场中,量化基金很难取得理想业绩。因此,有量化团队对基金模型作出了一定的修正,加强了风格择时的因子,以使模型更适应下半年的市场。

上半年小市值因子失效

上半年量化基金行情一片惨淡,单一的大盘行情风格,使得多数主动管理型量化基金失效,而期指仓位限制后贴水负基差等原因,使得对冲型量化基金也部分失效。

根据数据,上半年主动型量化基金超过一半收益为负,平均收益为-0.72%。截至9月22日,纳入统计的124只主动量化基金(A/C份额分开计算),三季度以来平均实现4.52%的收益率。其中,三季度以来收益最高的产品为中融量化智选,区间回报为13.91%;而今年以来收益最高的产品则为景顺长城新动力,区间回报为27.03%。

方正证券分析,量化基金在2017年上半年表现欠佳的主要原因为A股大小盘风格突变,小市值风格不再像前几年一样贡献正向的alpha,反而贡献了巨量的负向风险。

财富证券分析,除去市场原因,量化基金本身的策略也存在一定的偏差。因部分基金偏重中小市值因子且过去获得超额收益,而后没有及时调整,使其在某一类因子上过度暴露,导致样本外运行出现偏差,造成业绩不佳。

业内人士分析,由于上半年市场整体偏弱,并且板块之间分化严重,因此投资标的为股市的量化基金很难获得超额收益。同时,用于对冲的股指期货通常也会发生深度贴水的情况。因此,基差的扩大不利于对冲型量化基金的收益。但随着市场在6月份开始企稳反弹,不利因素逐渐消退,量化基金的表现也就随之好转。

加强风格择时

量化基金是通过数理统计分析,建立合适的模型以选择那些未来回报可能超越基准的证券进行投资,以期获取超越指数基金的收益,主要采用量化投资策略来进行投资组合管理。对于三季度量化的收益回归,记者了解到,有诸多量化团队对基金模型作出了一定的修正,加强了风格择时的因子,调整后的模型更为适应下半年的市场。

记者了解到,量化基金超额收益的影响因素通常有几点:一方面是小市值股票表现越好,价值因子表现越好,成长因子表现越差,则量化基金超额收益倾向于更高;另一方面则是风格持续性越强,或者风格解释度越高,以及趋同度指标下降,或者市场波动率下降,量化基金超额收益倾向于更好。

方正证券分析,从国外经验来看,小市值、动量等因子都具有周期现象,市场的风格轮动会导致某些因子失效,因此风格择时十分关键。相对于基准基金,量化基金对规模因子的分歧度最大,即虽然量化基金整体偏向于配置小市值的股票,但不同量化基金对于市值的态度具有很大的差异。而量化基金对于动量与波动的态度相对来说较为统一,即都倾向于选择低动量、低波动的个股。

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