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第二届野三坡中国经济论坛聚焦国企改革 专家建言先调布局再转机制

2017-09-25 11:26:53   央广网

央广网北京9月25日消息(记者 王明月)“在漫长的二十多年里,国企改革一直在‘放’和‘收’之间徘徊,没能摆脱‘一放就乱、一管就死’的魔咒。”23日,在第二届野三坡中国经济论坛上,国务院发展研究中心原副主任陈清泰指出。当天与会的专家学者围绕着“在结构性改革中如何推进国企改革?”“怎样才能实现国企从管企业向管资本的转型?”等问题进行了分析和解答。

  先调布局再转机制,国企改革需分类分层

“国企改革要先调整布局,再转变机制。” 深圳创新发展研究院理事长、深圳市原副市长张思平指出,一是因为当前供给侧改革给布局调整提供了机会,二是因为既然将来部分国企面临退出,就不用再转机制。

关于国企的布局,张思平认为,国企供给面太宽,涉及领域太广,挤占了民营企业的发展空间。五年过去,国企扩张的局面没有得到控制,反而继续扩张。对此,他指出,产能过剩的僵尸企业和没有竞争能力的国有企业应该退出。此外,虽然“赚钱”但不符合国企定位的企业也应该退出,在中小金融领域和高科技领域的国企也应该退出。

国企由于分布广、种类多样,“必须以对每家国企进行分类、并以向社会公布为前提。”中国社会科学院工业经济研究所所长黄群慧指出,国企改革到了分类改革阶段。

黄群慧表示,针对国企需要进行公益类、竞争性商业类和战略性商业类划分,并以此制定不同的国资监管机制;对混合所有股权结构中的国有持股比例要求不同,企业治理机制也要有差异。“现在国资委已经分类完毕,但是有一点没有做,一定要向社会公布这类企业是什么类型的。” 黄群慧强调,国有企业领导人管理体制应该从“集中统一”转向“分类分层”。

  理顺政府、市场和企业关系,“管资本”是关键

除布局问题外,张思平认为,国企改革推行的面临的另一个基本问题是机制的转换,“管资产”向“管资本”转移依旧没有突破。

陈清泰也认为国有资产“资本化”是化解诸多矛盾的关键。“资本化的重要意义在于,它将从根本上理顺长期困扰政府、市场和企业之间的关系。”陈清泰指出。

但是,实践中对“管资本”的两种理解、两种做法会导致两种结果。“管资本是一件新事物,有一些含糊的概念尚需澄清。”陈清泰指出。

一种理解认为,“管资本”的前提是国有资产必须由实物形态的“企业”,转变为价值形态的“资本”。在实现“资本化”后,出资人机构监管的对象就是国有资本投资运营机构,与实体企业不再有直接的产权关系,政企分开将顺理成章。另外,国有资产逐步资本化、证券化,对国家经济的发展和产业结构的持续优化将产生重大正面效应。

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