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治理“漫长停牌”需要制度化约束

2017-09-25 07:16:54   中国经济网

上周五,证监会发布《公开发行证券的公司信息披露内容与格式准则第26号——上市公司重大资产重组(2014年修订)》,修订后的规则通过简化重组预案披露内容,减少停牌期间工作量,进一步缩短上市公司停牌时间。笔者认为,缩短停牌时间是对那些任意停牌和停牌时间过长的上市公司的制度化约束,同时,也是增强并购重组交易透明度和确定性的重要保障。

股票停牌的初衷,是防止正在筹划或进行的上市公司重大活动事项导致股价的大幅波动,以保护投资者的利益,但政策却被有些人给念歪了,任意停牌、停牌时间过长,成为一种顽疾被投资者所诟病。

从本次修订的内容上来看,明确上市公司在重组预案中无需披露交易标的的历史沿革及是否存在出资瑕疵或影响其合法存续的情况等信息,具体信息可在重组报告书中予以披露;缩小中介机构在预案阶段的尽职调查范围,仅为“重组预案已披露的内容”;不强制要求在首次董事会决议公告前取得交易需要的全部许可证书或批复文件,改为在重组预案及重组报告书中披露是否已经取得,如未取得应当进行风险提示。这意味着,简化重组预案披露内容,进一步缩短停牌时间。

事实上,为减少停牌时间,监管层曾出台多个规则予以规范,2016年9月份,证监会颁布的《上市公司重大资产重组管理办法》规定,筹划重大资产重组的上市公司停牌时间不应超过3个月,停牌后连续筹划重组的,停牌不超过5个月;筹划非公开发行的,原则上不超过1个月。而在此之前,上交所和深交所曾经同时发布上市公司停复牌指引,明确了扩大停牌规范范围、严格控制停牌时间和细化停牌期间的信息披露和延期复牌程序要求。

虽然停牌制度设计反映出了少停牌、审慎停牌的监管要求,尤其不得随意停牌、任性停牌和滥用停牌,但即便如此,仍堵不住上市公司随意停牌、停牌时间长这股不良风气。

其中, 停牌时间漫长特征显著。例如:*ST新亿停牌400多天,*ST华泽停牌300多天,此外,有多家公司的停牌天数超过了200天,还有42家公司的停牌天数超过了100天,如此大面积长时间的停牌,也成为A股市场的一个独有现象。

长期停牌,投资者在丧失基本交易权利的同时,还不得不承担投资机会的损失,而且,无期限停牌,因为股票停止交易,相关指数往往处于失真的状态,会降低资金和资源流动与配置的效率。

因此,笔者认为,对停牌时间的约束和规范非常必要,消减停牌事项,缩短停牌时间,也是抑制内幕交易、操纵市场等违法违规行为的需要。此外,在不断完善A股停牌制度的同时,还要加大监管力度,从严监管,对那些滥用停牌权利,信息披露违规的公司加大处罚力度,提高违规成本。

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