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大商所调整铁矿石期货合约质量标准

2017-09-14 09:47:37   中国经济网

二是加大二氧化硅指标、三氧化二铝指标的扣价力度,并将原来对硅、铝指标的单一扣罚方式调整为梯度扣罚方式。

对于二氧化硅指标,据钢厂成本测算,在铁矿石含铁量每提高1%、焦比下降2%、生铁产量提高3%的经验假设下,二氧化硅含量每变化1%,对炼铁成本的影响约在15元/吨。在前期调研中了解,大型钢厂混匀铁料的二氧化硅含量通常在4.5%左右。因此,新标准以4.5%作为分界线,设置了二氧化硅指标的分梯度升贴水。当交割品的二氧化硅含量在4.5%以下(含4.5%)时,每升高0.1%,扣价1.0元/吨;当二氧化硅含量在4.5%以上时,每升高0.1%,扣价2.0元/吨。

对于三氧化二铝指标,据调研了解,钢厂一般较少使用三氧化二铝含量在3.0%以上的铁矿石,而且三氧化二铝较高时对高炉运行成本的影响约为二氧化硅的1.5倍。因此,新标准以3.0%作为分界线,设置了三氧化二铝指标的分梯度升贴水。当交割品的三氧化二铝含量在3.0%以下(含3.0%)时,每升高0.1%,扣价1.5元/吨;当三氧化二铝含量在3.0%以上时,每升高0.1%,扣价3.0元/吨。

三是下调硫指标的质量标准。硫既是影响钢材质量的有害杂质,也是污染环境的主要工业废物之一。在烧结过程中,铁矿石约90%的硫元素以二氧化硫形式排放到空气中,造成空气污染。近年来我国环保力度加大,对钢厂脱硫也提出更高的要求。经统计,在市场流通性较高的矿种中,90%以上矿石的硫含量在0.03%以下。为适应环保政策和钢厂需求,此次调整将标准品的硫指标由0.05%下调至0.03%。

四是调整铅、锌和砷等微量元素指标。根据国家标准《高炉炼铁工艺设计规范》规定,入炉原料和燃料中要求“铅≤0.015%、锌≤0.015%、砷≤0.01%”。由于铁矿石进口一般不检验微量元素,大商所在对300余万吨交割数据的分析中发现,铅、锌和砷三种元素的含量都在规定范围内。此外,钢厂通常混矿入炉,一般不必严格限制单个矿种的微量元素上限。基于上述情况,此次调整将铅、锌和砷的质量标准均设在0.02%,以更合理地控制矿石有害微量元素含量。

五是调整粒度指标的质量标准。粒度指标是指铁矿石在一定直径大小范围内占全部铁矿石的比例,其对铁矿石烧结性能和燃料消耗有重要影响。矿石粒度过大,不利于烧结成矿;粒度过小,铁矿石透气性较差。为此,此次调整适度收窄了粒度指标的限制范围,将粒度指标由原来的“10mm以上”和“0.15mm以下”,调整至“6.3mm以上”和“0.15mm以下”,以贴近大部分进口矿的粒度检验体系,并根据样本中粒度指标的分布情况,设定粒度“6.3mm以上的占比≤20%”和“0.15mm以下的占比≤35%”。

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