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金融时报:人民币或已成为亚洲重要避险资产

2017-09-12 08:27:27   新华网

近期,人民币对美元汇率持续上涨。来自中国外汇交易中心的最新数据显示,9月11日,人民币对美元汇率中间价上涨35个基点,报6.4997,为连续第11个交易日上涨,升破6.50整数关口,刷新2016年5月12日以来最高水平,并创2005年汇改以来最长连涨纪录。

上周(9月4日至8日),在岸市场人民币对美元即期汇率大涨超过1000个基点,涨幅达到1.64%,为连续第三周升值,且连续升破从6.56至6.47多个关口,盘中最高曾升破6.44关口,至近21个月新高。

决定人民币长期走势的因素在于我国宏观经济状况、国际收支以及资本流动等中长期因素。今年以来,我国宏观经济呈现出稳中向好的态势,二季度GDP同比增长维持在6.9%,经济发展的稳定性、协调性和可持续性增强。同时,国际收支状况不断改善,外汇储备已经扭转此前的下滑局面。这些因素都对人民币走强起到了重要的支撑作用。

随着人民币持续强势,境外机构纷纷加仓人民币债券,人民币空头持续翻多,企业结汇盘明显增多。有外媒称,人民币或已成为亚洲重要避险资产。也有市场人士表示,人民币升值为货币政策打开空间。

近两个月,随着人民币走强,境外机构增持人民币债券热情高涨,持仓规模创下历史新高。数据显示,人民币在5月下旬进入升值通道后,境外机构的债券托管量也开启快速增长模式,单月增速从5月份的0.3%提升至6月份的3.75%和7月份的4.5%。中央结算公司公布的8月份数据显示,截至8月底,境外机构持有人民币债券达到8393.18亿元,环比增加153.32亿元,为连续6个月增持;境外机构在境内债券托管量达8573.6亿元,环比增加158.92亿元,较去年末增长10%。

对此,7月份开通的“债券通”功不可没,此举为境外机构投资人民币债券提供了更加便捷的通道,是近两个月境外机构增持人民币债券的重要推动力。与此同时,我国债券收益率本身就比境外高一些,加上人民币持续升值,这对海外资金形成了较大的吸引力。有观点称,在人民币相对稳定的预期下,配置人民币债券的吸引力还将提高,预计未来几年将有数千亿美元涌入境内债券市场。

随着人民币多仓高位运行,不少市场机构纷纷由空翻多。彭博社此前称,在8月初至9月6日的25个交易日中,人民币对美元共有11个交易日出现收盘价强于中间价,日间交易净推动人民币升值0.12元以上。汤森路透的调查显示,投资者看多亚洲货币,人民币多仓已接近3年高点。有香港银行外汇交易员称,9月1日以来,多家国际大型资产管理机构都在增持人民币头寸,个别机构增持额超过千万美元。另据多位海外对冲基金经理透露,还有不少对冲基金正在考虑增加人民币资产的配置比例,拟从上半年2%的资产占比提高至5%。

人民币强势上行也推动企业结汇盘明显增多。寻汇智库称,在美元持续走弱的同时,人民币持续上涨,强化了企业的结汇意愿,特别是一些之前还在持汇观望的企业,面对人民币汇率屡创纪录,纷纷选择结汇止损。有媒体报道称,此前不少持有美元债券的境内企业为了对冲人民币贬值风险,囤积了大量美元头寸,对应换汇成本在6.6至6.7之间。随着人民币汇率突破6.6,企业紧急止损结汇避险。也有外汇策略师认为,如果8月份的结汇需求是此前积压的,那么到了9月份,在预期逆转愈发强烈的情况下,市场结汇有可能进一步快速增长。

随着人民币持续大涨,一些外媒称,人民币或已成为亚洲避险资产。新加坡《联合早报》称,在朝鲜局势掀起的市场风暴中,人民币成为亚洲货币可资依靠的市场之锚。彭博社称,人民币对美元稳步攀升,提供稳定力量,帮助其他亚洲货币避免在朝鲜核局势及后续影响中出现更猛烈的抛售,人民币俨然已成了避险资产。

人民币持续走强将会如何影响当前稳健中性的货币政策颇受市场关注。有观点认为,人民币企稳给货币政策提供了更大的空间,市场上不乏各种有关降准的讨论。(金融时报 赵洋)

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