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央行逆周期管理措施回归中性 人民币升势歇脚

2017-09-12 08:27:27   新华网

在市场惊叹于人民币汇率高歌猛进之时,人们注意到央行或正在适时调整外汇相关逆周期宏观审慎管理措施。“政策调整将有助于外汇市场供需双方更好地发现人民币汇率的价格。”招商证券分析师谢亚轩对记者表示。

11日,人民币对美元中间价调升35个基点,报6.4997。在中间价的牵引下,在岸人民币对美元汇率小幅回调至6.51附近。

有外汇交易员分析认为,上周五人民币汇率日盘收盘在6.4617,考虑到美元指数只是稍有反弹,因此可以看出中间价报价机制中的逆周期因子发挥了调节作用。

  逆周期措施调整促外汇供求更趋平衡

人民银行近日调整了外汇风险准备金政策和对境外金融机构境内存放执行正常准备金率的政策,将外汇风险准备金征收比例降为零,并取消对境外金融机构境内存放准备金的穿透式管理。

“这两项政策都是在前两年人民币汇率出现波动、资本流动呈现一定顺周期性的背景下出台的宏观审慎管理措施,考虑到当前市场环境已发生较大变化,上述两项政策有必要进行调整。”中国人民银行金融研究所所长孙国峰表示。

“上述政策调整将促使供求更趋平衡,有利于汇率稳定。”外汇分析师李刘阳对记者表示,两个政策的调整都是好事情。取消风险准备金率表明跨境资本流动已经趋于均衡,因此放宽购汇准入.而取消境外参加行存款准备金可以恢复离岸人民币(CNH)流动性,重新做大离岸人民币市场的规模,推动人民币国际化。

孙国峰表示,在人民币汇率水平趋于均衡的同时,市场预期趋于理性,跨境资本流动和外汇供求都更加平衡。在市场环境已转向中性的情况下,有必要调整前期为抑制外汇市场顺周期波动而出台的逆周期宏观审慎管理措施,使其相应回归中性,以强化外汇市场价格发现功能,提高市场流动性,更好地服务于实体经济,促进经济持续、协调、平稳发展。

外汇专家韩会师对记者表示,央行将外汇风险准备金率由20%降至零,本身并不能对刺激远期购汇起到太大的作用,但其背后所反映的监管态度的调整可能会激发部分市场参与者购汇的动力,这对于抑制过快的人民币升值速度是有帮助的。

  人民币汇率总体处于均衡合理水平

2017年以来,随着供给侧结构性改革、简政放权、创新驱动战略等深化实施,我国经济结构加快调整,发展新动能增强,经济增长的稳定性、协调性进一步增强。同时,国际市场美元对主要货币持续走弱。

特别是近两周,在结售汇顺差推动下,无论国际市场美元如何波动,人民币对美元基本上是一路攀升,两周内人民币汇率已上涨逾2000基点,中间价已连续11日上涨。

孙国峰指出,汇率根本上是由经济基本面决定的,短期可能受部分因素扰动从而与基本面有所偏离,但最终还是会回归经济基本面。今年以来人民币对美元汇率整体呈现升值态势,对一篮子货币基本稳定,这主要是我国经济持续向好等基本面因素在汇率上的反映。

民生银行高级研究员应习文对记者表示,人民币暂时回调并不意味着就此趋势反转。未来人民币汇率有望呈现“双向波动结合缓慢升值”的发展趋势,快贬和快升的概率都将下降。

总体来看,当前无论是学界还是业界都普遍认为,人民币汇率已比较充分地反映经济基本面,汇率总体处于合理均衡水平。在人民币汇率水平趋于均衡的同时,市场预期趋于理性,跨境资本流动和外汇供求都更加平衡。(记者 张玉)

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