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跨境“双向”网购模式出现新趋势

2017-09-12 07:07:23   中国经济网

新华社《经济参考报》与Visa11日联合在京发布《中国跨境消费年度指数报告(2017)》(以下简称《报告》)。《报告》显示,一方面,2016年,中国消费者海外网购呈现频率下降,但单笔交易规模上升的趋势;另一方面,境外消费者对中国跨境网购交易额则上升明显。

《报告》基于Visa提供的跨境电子商务相关数据研究发现,整体而言,2016年,中国消费者海外网购呈现频率下降,但单笔交易规模上升的趋势。具体来看,在报告持续关注的10个样本国家和地区(美国、英国、新加坡、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、中国香港、法国、德国和意大利)中,美国仍是中国最大的跨境网购进口国,中国消费者在美国电商网购总指数比上年下降了14%,中国消费者相对美国的跨境网购频率指数同比下降了42%。与此同时,更多的中国消费者开始尝试在美国之外进行网上购物。就平均交易规模而言,2016年最高的三个国家和地区分别是英国、澳大利亚和意大利,其网购交易强度较上年都有较快上升。《报告》认为,这意味着,中国消费者“海淘”越来越趋理性,开始表现出消费升级的特征。

与此同时,《报告》所持续关注的10个样本国家和地区中,境外消费者对中国跨境网购交易额的中位数约为6970万美元,比上年增长了43%,这意味着通过电子商务实现对外出口的趋势正向好。具体来看,中国电商最大的境外客户来自美国,其次是中国台湾和香港地区。从增长速度看,样本国家和地区跨境消费规模均保持较快增长,中国台湾地区增速尤其显著。2016年,美国消费者对中国电商的跨境网购交易频率指数比上年上升24%,英国和法国消费者在中国网站的购物频度也较高,并且实现了较快增长。

Visa大中华区总裁于雪莉在发言时表示,这几年,随着消费升级和跨境电商平台的迅速发展,中国“海淘”产业也发生了巨大变化。根据第三方数据显示,2017年,中国海淘用户规模将达到5800万人,比2016年增长了41.5%。到2020年,跨境电商市场交易将达到12万亿元,比上一年的交易额增加近2倍。《报告》也指出,中国消费者海外网购和境外消费者对中国跨境网购趋势的变化,应引起企业和政府部门的高度重视,并采取相应措施,顺应这一变化,以更有效地推进进出口贸易的根本好转与结构升级。

跨境消费的升级也对跨境电子支付环境的完善提出了更高的要求。中国社科院金融研究所所长助理杨涛表示,我们现在提到的跨境电子支付更多集中于零售支付层面。在零售支付层面,小额跨境支付业务因环节多、流程长、成本高,手续复杂,效益低下,普及率也比较低而成为新技术“先下手”的领域。这部分跨境电子支付模式可分为传统的卡组织与银行支付合作、第三方支付机构参与下的互联网支付以及区块链等分布式技术的探索三种模式。

“支付与一些跨境经贸活动是密切结合在一起的,所有的经济活动最终都会落到支付上面。因此,跨境支付面临重大发展机遇。”杨涛表示,伴随着“走出去”与“引进来”双向开放程度的提高,更多的支付机构也产生了新的业务拓展诉求,并纷纷发展跨境业务和海外业务,它们不仅服务于中国居民“走出去”,而且还意在开拓当地新的客户群体,增加客户黏性。

不过,杨涛也指出,跨境支付在面临机遇的同时,也面临一些挑战。他指出,在跨境交易的过程中,会滋生一系列风险,包括:交易真实性识别风险、洗钱和资金非法流动风险、国际收支的申报管理监测风险等。另外,更多跨境支付工具的出现,势必带来跨境支付市场对用户、客户资源的抢占。而当前,这一竞争态势已经通过提现费率的价格战充分的显现出来。如何跳出价格竞争本身,打造真正的服务价值链,这对于金融机构和支付企业来说,都非常重要。

于雪莉也表示,Visa对中国市场有长期不变的承诺: 我们期待中国的电子支付市场早日开放,期待Visa能够更加深入地参与到国内的电子支付产业的创新和跨越式发展进程中,更好地服务于广大的中国消费者。

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