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莫开伟 刘丽宇:人民币升值有利出境消费 不利出境投资

2017-09-11 07:07:38   中国经济网

莫开伟 刘丽宇

进入2017年,人民币对美元汇率一路高歌猛进,至9月8日,人民币对美元升破6.44关口,连续第十天上调,在短短一周的时间里,人民币再度快速升值逾1000个基点,创2016年5月12日以来最高。

或许有人会问,人民币自去年下半年以来持续走强,原因到底在哪?这种大幅升值趋势又能持续多久?据笔者分析,造成这一轮人民币升值的因素是多方面的,是美元快速下跌和境内结售汇市场出现明显顺差等内外因素共同交织的结果。

具体来看:一是中国经济的强势回暖,各项经济指标好于预期。自去年下半年以来,中国经济企稳回升态势明显,且经过持续推进经济供给侧结构性改革和加大国企改革力度,我国经济结构优化、转型升级成效持续显现,稳中向好态势更趋明显,经济增长稳定性逐渐增强,这是人民币汇率回升的雄厚经济基础。

二是美国经济增速虽已回升,但增幅不大;尤其特朗普政府推行的各项经济改革成效并不明显,对美国经济恢复增长提供的动能有限。这也就必然使美元持续保持疲软势态。美元指数自今年初以来已下跌了11%左右,一方面随着特朗普政府内部分歧加大、美国经济复苏阶段性见顶、欧洲经济复苏强劲造成美元走弱;另一方面黄金价格攀升,以黄金计价的美元相应贬值。这一国际背景成了诱发人民币近期大幅升值的外在强劲推力。

而且,据分析,随着欧洲央行最近宣布10月公布有关削减QE计划,加之欧洲经济预期大幅上调,欧元对美元突破1.2关口,加重了市场对美元的看空情绪。美元贬值预期与人民币独立升值预期叠加,人民币空头平仓与企业居民结汇需求大增叠加,人民币汇率能够站稳6.50元下方。因而,从对一篮子货币来看,人民币指数已完全收复一年跌幅,补涨到位,并对非美货币将保持平稳,在美元弱势情况下,人民币对美元汇率仍将在一个较长时间内保持强势。

但这是不是说人民币已进入绝对升值周期了?笔者认为并不尽然。把视线放宽至全球市场,根据中国外汇交易中心的数据显示,进入8月以来CFETS人民币汇率指数小幅上涨至94.42,但相较于年初的94.83仍略微下跌。可见人民币对一篮子货币的汇率并不上涨。

但美元作为在国际支付结算体系中占据重要地位的货币,人民币对美元的大幅上涨仍将对国民经济产生重大影响。需要指出的是,人民币大幅升值对各类经济体的影响不尽相同:

首先,有利于出境消费者,人民币升值最直观的影响体现在购买力上。人民币购买力增强对海淘一族、出境游客、留学生等出境消费者形成利好,势必刺激更多的海外消费和海外旅游。

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