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债市延续弱势 利率难涨难跌

2017-09-07 07:51:51   新华网

近期长端利率再度逼近前高,季末流动性不确定性的存在,加重市场对短端利率上行推动长端向上突破的担忧。同时,鉴于前两个季月债券市场都走出一波交易性行情,市场又对利率下行抱有期待。多空各执一词,市场持续震荡,各方都在等待变盘信号出现。分析人士指出,当前防风险余音未了,新的主线依旧朦胧,市场弱势格局难改,但利率总体难涨难跌,需求端变化将是决定利率后续走向的关键。

在持续震荡中,9月以来,10年期国债收益率再次来到区间上沿附近,长端利率会否向上突破又成了问题。结合当前时点考虑,市场对长端利率走势不乏担忧:一是8月下半月以来,短端利率重新走高,使得收益率曲线再度趋于平坦化,面临方向性选择的压力重新加大;二是9月是季月,流动性面临季节性收紧压力,近期同业存单发行利率已明显走高,若短端利率持续上行,或将推动长端向上突破。

同时,市场又对9月利率下行存在期待。重要的原因是,市场普遍担忧季月流动性风险,但由于机构谨慎应对、央行削峰填谷加上财政存款季末释放,使得季月的资金面反而不怎么紧张。随着流动性“预期差”显现,市场很快迎来一波反弹,今年3月和6月皆是如此。如今又到季月,自然有人对新一波行情充满期待。

看似很矛盾,但这就是当前债市现状。当前债市持续震荡的格局,本身就是市场主体预期分化甚至明显对立造就的结果。只是,盘局难以长久,市场各方都在等待变盘信号出现。

防风险是去年四季度以来主导利率波动的一条主线,起初体现为货币政策边际收紧,回归稳健中性,推动市场利率中枢明显上行;随后更多表现为行业监管加强,同业加杠杆造就的“配置牛”过程逆转,4、5月债券利率再现一波大幅上行。目前金融去杠杆初见成效,货币政策呈现不松不紧、监管加强协调,防风险这条主线在弱化,但余音未了,在前期积累的风险有效出清之前,监管造成的压力和扰动将继续存在,货币政策也很难放松。

经济基本面一度被视为最有可能扭转今年债券弱势的力量,但在全球经济复苏的环境下,中国经济持续保持平稳,展现了增长韧性。尽管今年名义GDP增长高点可能已出现,后续下行幅度和进度依然存在很大变数,但在短期内难以超越防风险这条主线,推动政策出现实质松动,能够给予利率下行的支持依然有限。

既然原有逻辑余威犹存,新的逻辑尚待验证,市场就很难摆脱原有趋势。去年四季度以来,债市毫无疑问处于弱势,再考虑到低超储增添流动性不确定性、现阶段债券供给压力较大、主力机构配置力量偏弱、工业品涨价刺激通胀预期等,债市继续呈现弱势运行的可能性较大。

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