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同业存单新规立竿见影 隔夜利率三天降5.9%

2017-09-05 07:06:41   中国经济网

■阎 岳

央行8月31日傍晚发布的同业存单新规正在发酵,最明显的效应就是货币市场利率出现明显下行。同业存单新规部分解决了金融资源长期在金融体系内流转的弊病,是对实体经济的支持。而货币市场利率下行也有助于企业降低融资成本,部分化解融资贵的老大难问题。

2013年12月份,同业存单正式推出。这一业务的推出满足了利率市场化环境下金融机构同业往来的需要。为引导金融机构做好流动性管理,央行于8月中旬通过《货币政策执行报告》宣布,拟从2018年一季度开始,将不超过1年期(含)的同业存单纳入宏观审慎评估(MPA)的同业负债占比指标。同业存单新规的推出即是与此相配合的一项制度性安排。

同业存单新规最显著的变化就是自2017年9月1日起,金融机构不得新发行期限超过1年(不含)的同业存单,此前已发行的1年期(不含)以上同业存单可继续存续至到期。此前,同业存单包含2年期和3年期品种。截至今年6月末,1年期(不含)以上同业存单余额为1115亿元,仅占同业存单余额总量的1.4%。这也就是说,理论上将有1115亿元的资金从之前在金融体系内循环被赶至体系外。而这就是同业存单新规要实现的政策目标之一。

引导资金脱虚向实是今年以来政策的主要发力点之一。新规在缩短同业存单业务期限的同时,将促使其回归到调剂金融体系内部资金余缺的本质属性上来,避免金融资源长期在金融体系内流转,从而实现加大金融对实体经济的支持力度。可以预见,同业存单新规的这个政策目标将在后续业务开展中得以进一步体现。

同业存单新规的另一个政策目标是培育货币市场基准利率。具体来说,就是通过鼓励金融机构发行1年期(含)以内的浮动利率同业存单,让Shibor利率发挥其应有的作用。

9月4日,Shibor隔夜利率再度下降6.3个基点至2.7500%。这是同业存单新规发布之后Shibor隔夜利率连续第三个交易日下降,较8月30日创出的阶段性高点2.9237%下降了5.9%。由此可见,同业存单新规对货币市场利率下行的引导作用非常明显。货币市场利率的这种走势与笔者稍早前的预测相一致。

笔者8月10日在《证券日报》刊发的《央行强化流动性紧平衡格局 引导市场利率下行存可能》一文就明确提出,随着监管层对金融机构通过资金多层嵌套进行监管套利实施约束,金融去杠杆的效果会更加明显。在理顺了这些关系之后,央行将进一步采取措施降低实体经济融资成本,其中就包括引导货币市场利率下行。

在金融机构逐步消化了1年期(不含)以上同业存单之后,以及明年一季度同业存单纳入MPA审核体系,这一新规的两个政策目标避免资金空转和培育货币市场基准利率的作用将会体现的更加明显。

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