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郭同欣:经济运行持续向好 债务风险可控可防

2017-09-06 10:26:43   新华网

郭同欣

随着我国经济影响力不断扩大,国际社会对我国经济的关注度日益提高。今年以来,我国经济运行稳中向好,债务风险总体可控,得到了国际社会的积极评价,主要国际组织纷纷上调对我国的经济增长预期,对于我国抓住重要窗口期,主动防范化解债务风险的举措给予肯定,持续看好我国经济发展。但也有一些人发出不同声音,认为近年来中国经济增长主要是通过债务扩张,增加投资和加大房地产建设实现的,从中长期看,随着债务水平攀升,经济增长将难有可持续性。因此,如何准确认识当前经济稳中向好发展态势和面临的债务风险问题,科学把握下一步走势,是我们需要重点关注和探讨的问题。

  一、我国经济稳中向好,是深化改革开放、加快动能转换、推进转型升级、创新宏观调控共同作用的结果

近年来,国际环境复杂多变,国内结构性、周期性、体制性矛盾叠加,风险挑战增多,但我国经济运行总体稳定,经济结构不断优化,动力转换有序推进,稳中向好的势头明显。我国经济之所以能够顶住压力,实现稳中有进、稳中提质,不是靠“大水漫灌”的强刺激,不是靠大规模增发货币和扩大投资,不是靠走传统粗放式发展的老路实现的,而是坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线,深化改革开放,不断创新宏观调控方式,大力实施创新驱动发展战略,加快动能转换的成果。一是供给侧结构性改革显效发力。2016年以来,各地区各部门以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线,全力落实去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板五大任务,取得突出成效。2016年,钢铁、煤炭产能分别退出6500万吨以上和2.9亿吨以上,超额完成目标任务。截至今年6月末,煤炭去产能1.11亿吨,完成全年目标任务的74%,依法取缔“地条钢”基本完成。供给侧结构性改革深入推进,减少了低端供给和无效供给,扩大了中高端供给和有效供给,改善了市场供求关系,适应了市场需求升级,企业经营明显好转,有力支撑宏观经济企稳。今年1-7月份,规模以上工业企业实现利润总额同比增长21.2%,比上年同期加快14.3个百分点;上半年规模以上服务业企业营业利润增长16%,同比加快14.4个百分点。二是坚持创新引领推进动能转换。党中央、国务院把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置,深入实施创新驱动发展战略,强化科技创新引领作用,持续深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革,大力推动大众创业、万众创新,创新活力和创造潜能得到激发,新的经济增长点不断涌现,新旧动能有序转换。2014-2016年,全国新登记市场主体超过4400万户,日均新登记市场主体超过4.0万户。其中,新登记企业1362万户,日均新登记企业1.2万户。今年1-7月份,全国新登记企业345.4万户,同比增长11.9%,日均新登记企业1.6万户。科技创新成果不断涌现,新产业新模式新产品快速增长。今年1-7月份,国内专利申请量183万件,同比增长8%;全国网上零售额同比增长33.7%,增速比上年同期加快6.2个百分点。今年上半年,工业战略性新兴产业增加值同比增长10.8%,增速高于规模以上工业3.9个百分点。世界知识产权组织发布的全球创新指数显示,我国创新能力综合排名由2012年的第34位上升到2017年的22位,位居中等收入经济体中第一位。三是深化结构调整促进经济转型升级。各地区各部门按照适应把握引领经济发展新常态的要求,积极扩大内需特别是着力发挥消费的基础性作用,居民消费潜力有序释放,消费升级势能持续增强,成为经济增长的主要推动力。2013-2016年,我国最终消费支出对经济增长的年均贡献率为55%,高于资本形成总额贡献率8.5个百分点。今年上半年,最终消费支出对经济增长的贡献率为63.4%,远高于资本形成和净出口的贡献率。投资着眼于增强发展后劲,补短板、调结构、促创新、惠民生等领域有效投资力度加大。与此同时,产业结构加快迈向中高端,供给体系质量效率不断提升。今年上半年,第三产业增加值占国内生产总值的比重为54.1%,对经济增长的贡献率达到59.1%。1-7月份,高技术产业和装备制造业增加值同比分别增长13%和11.4%,分别快于规模以上工业6.2和4.6个百分点。上半年,万元国内生产总值能耗同比下降3.9%,降幅比一季度扩大0.1个百分点;清洁能源消费量占比同比提升0.7个百分点。四是创新宏观调控促进经济稳定运行。面对复杂多变的国内外环境和持续较多的矛盾和压力,我国政府保持宏观政策的连续性、稳定性,实施积极的财政政策,加大力度补短板、增后劲,货币政策稳健中性,保持了流动性合理适度,为实体经济发展提供重要支持。在优化总量调控基础上更加注重结构调控,创造性地提出了区间调控,强调针对形势变化加强定向调控、相机调控,使经济运行保持在合理区间。今年上半年国内生产总值同比增长6.9%,连续8个季度运行在6.7-6.9%的区间。

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