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有效识别风险 向非法集资说“不”

2017-09-04 06:20:50   中国青年网

当前,我国正处于市场经济体制转轨、社会转型时期,改革进入攻坚阶段,金融市场、金融服务还需不断完善,金融消费者对非法集资的风险防范意识和识别意识还有待加强,非法集资现象屡禁不止。同时,非法集资的形式日趋复杂,手段不断翻新,对非法集资的识别和认定难度日益加大,非法集资受害群体承受能力差,易引发群体事件,影响正常金融秩序,极大地侵害了消费者的合法权益。

一、什么是非法集资

根据中国人民银行《关于取缔非法金融机构和非法金融业务活动中有关问题的通知》规定,非法集资是指单位或者个人未依照法定程序经有关部门批准,以发行股票、债券、彩票、投资基金证券或者其他债权凭证的方式向社会公众筹集资金,并承诺在一定期限内以货币、实物以及其他方式向出资人还本付息或给予回报的行为。

目前,我国刑法规定了四种非法集资类的犯罪,它们分别是非法吸收公众存款罪,集资诈骗罪,欺诈发行股票、债券罪和擅自发行股票、公司、企业债券罪。

二、非法集资的特点及常用手段

(一)非法集资的特点1.未经有关监管部门依法批准,违规向社会(尤其是向不特定对象)筹集资金。如未经批准吸收社会资金;未经批准公开、非公开发行股票、债券等。

2.承诺在一定期限内给予出资人货币、实物、股权等形式的投资回报。并且所承诺的回报收益明显高于一般银行金融产品收益或市场同类产品普遍收益。

3.以合法形式掩盖非法集资目的。为掩饰其非法目的,犯罪分子往往与受害者签订合同,伪装成正常的生产经营活动,但却是以达到骗取消费者资金为目的。

(二)非法集资常用手段

(1)承诺高额回报,暴利引诱。不法分子为吸引更多的群众,往往许诺投资者以奖励、积分返利等形式给予高额回报。为了骗取更多的人参与集资,非法集资者开始是按时足额兑现先期投入者的本息,然后是拆东墙补西墙,用后集资人的钱兑现先前的本息,等达到一定规模后,便秘密转移资金,携款潜逃。

(2)混淆投资理财概念,让群众在眼花缭乱的新名词前失去判断。不法分子有的利用电子黄金、投资基金、网络炒汇等新的名词迷惑群众,假称为新投资工具或金融产品;有的利用专卖、代理、加盟连锁、消费增值返利、电子商务等新的经营方式,欺骗群众投资。

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