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同业存单市场监管“连环击” 低资质银行发行成本或上升

2017-09-04 08:46:06   新华网

近日,央行和证监会各自出台新规,对同业存单市场念起“紧箍咒”。缩短发行期限、提升投资监管红线,再加上此前央行提出的纳入宏观审慎评估(MPA)考核,监管机构对同业存单市场的协调监管正逐步落地。

在业内人士看来,未来同业存单新增供给在边际上减少,不同评级银行的同业存单利差将加剧分化,低资质银行的同业融资成本或将明显抬升。

  新规抬升低资质银行同业存单发行成本

证监会上周公布的《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》(下称新规)提出,货币市场基金拟投资于主体信用评级低于AA+的商业银行的银行存款与同业存单的,应当经基金管理人董事会审议批准,相关交易应当事先征得基金托管人的同意,并作为重大事项履行信息披露程序。

而在此之前的征求意见稿中并无这一条规定。兴业研究分析师何津津表示,新规增加了对同业存单与银行存款的规定,这意味着未来银行信用资质的分化会更加明显,低于AA+银行的同业存单发行成本上升,对于中小银行流动性风险的管理提出了更高的要求。

记者从业内了解到,虽然新规并未明令禁止货基投资同业存单,但基金的配置意愿明显下降,而一些资质不足的中小银行也可能相应减少同业存单发行量。记者通过Wind资讯统计,截至9月3日,主体信用评级AA+以下银行在银行间市场发行的同业存单量为11359.9亿元,占同业存单存续总量的13.7%。

此外,新规还要求,货币市场基金投资于主体信用评级低于AAA的机构发行的金融工具占基金资产净值的比例合计不得超过10%,其中,单一机构发行的金融工具占基金资产净值的比例合计不得超过2%。前述金融工具包括了同业存单,也对货基持有相关金融工具造成约束。

业内人士表示,通过区分不同资质商业银行的信用风险,将抬升部分银行的同业融资成本,限制银行过度开展不合规的同业业务。

  同业存单市场规范全面升级

作为中小银行主动负债的利器,同业存单旨在满足金融机构之间短期资金调用需求,便于流动性管理。但由于实体经济“资产荒”、监管存在漏洞,不少银行大量发行同业存单来抬升杠杆、同业套利,导致资金空转,加大流动性风险。

从银行业半年报来看,各家银行的同业业务增速放缓,同业负债均呈现不同程度下滑,体现了监管效果。据兴业研究统计,过去较多依赖同业业务的农商行和股份制银行,今年上半年的同业资产增速均下降超过20%。

然而到了6、7月份,随着流动性回暖,各机构又有重启杠杆的趋势,同业存单套利空间重现。为遏制这一趋势,央行在今年二季度货币政策执行报告中提出,拟于2018年一季度评估时起,将资产规模5000亿元以上的银行发行的1年以内同业存单,纳入MPA同业负债占比指标进行考核。

随后央行再出规定,形成“组合拳”。自9月1日起,金融机构不得新发行期限超过1年(不含)的同业存单,进一步限制银行的同业负债规模扩张。

虽然长期限同业存单的发行占比不高,但体现出当前对同业存单市场监管的全面升级。央行数据显示,今年上半年1年期(不含)以上同业存单发行量和余额分别有372亿元和1115亿元,分别占其总量的0.4%和1.4%。

随着同业监管从严,同业存单发行成本上升,未来银行对同业存单等同业业务的依赖度或将逐步降低。(金嘉捷 陈羽)

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