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货基新规利好高流动性资产

2017-09-05 06:41:54   中国经济网

□本报记者 王姣

证监会日前正式发布《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》(以下简称《流动性管理规定》),对公募基金尤其货币基金提出了更加严格的流动性管理要求,新规自2017年10月1日起实施。

市场人士指出,《流动性管理规定》在规模限制、投资集中度、投资品种和久期等方面有更加细化的要求,将抑制货币基金的迅猛扩张。进一步看,新规要求将进一步改变货基的资产配置结构,对国债、政金债等高流动性资产形成利好,对低评级债券、同业存单需求则不利。

新规抑制货基迅猛扩张

由于收益率较高加上免税等优势,今年货币基金吸引了较多机构和个人投资者的需求,规模快速增长,至7月底货基规模已经超过5.8万亿元,占据开放式基金58%的份额。与此同时,流动性管理风险也日益积累加剧。

在此背景下,今年3月31日,证监会公示了《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定(征求意见稿)》;9月1日,证监会正式公告了《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》(简称《流动性管理规定》),自2017年10月1日起执行,并给予半年的宽限期。

据国泰君安证券总结,新规的影响主要有五点:一是委外和定制类货币基金吸引力显著降低,投资范围大幅压缩,流动性优质资产占比从10%提高至80%以上,将导致投资收益大幅下滑,预计规模明显缩水。二是货币基金风险准备金与基金规模挂钩,按摊余成本法核算的货基规模不应超过基金公司风险准备金的200倍,这意味着管理人对货基的风险准备金成本从过去万分之二至三,猛烈提高至千分之五,风险准备金要求猛烈攀升,对应收益率恐下滑45-50bp。三是优质流动性资产占比大幅提高,组合久期进一步压缩,在新规要求下,货基规模和收益都面临下降回落。四是货基投资主体低于AAA机构发行的金融工具,占比不得超过10%,单一机构占比不得超过2%,中小货基分散化投资压力猛增。五是对巨额赎回,赎回份额超过总份额1%以上的赎回,可征收1%的强制赎回费,挤兑风险和刚性变现压力有所减弱。

对债市影响分化

市场人士指出,从债券品种上看,货基作为今年最大的债市增量资金,在某种程度上改变了不同债券品种的需求状况,新规要求将进一步改变货基的资产配置结构,对高流动性资产利好,对低流动性资产则利空。

中金公司指出,新规要求将进一步改变货基的资产配置结构,提高高等级、流动性资产的配置要求,加上短期利率债的供给相对有限,对国债、政金债等高流动性资产形成利好,可能会继续压低短期利率债的收益率水平;与此同时,交易所可质押品种相对吸引力提升,杠杆能力不受影响,同样是受益者。反过来,由于投资标的评级提升、提高私募类资管机构逆回购对手方质押品资质要求,对低评级债券、存单需求不利,导致这类品种的利差扩大。

兴业证券表示,货币基金新规对市场可能影响在于:第一,对短久期、流动性好的资产配置需求上升,对该部分资产是利好,中长期债券受新规影响较小。第二,因配置AA+级以下资产难度上升,货币将加大对AAA级资产需求,抬升AAA与其他评级的等级利差,使得AAA级资产价值偏弱。第三,存单的发行量要跟资产相匹配,存量资产若尚未到期需要继续发行存单进行维系,但新增资产因存单发行受限需求下降。存单发行量收缩可能更多是在对接新增资产层面而非存量资产。第四,从长远来看,对实体影响更大,银行负债扩张困难,杠杆下降利润减少,将倒逼实体接受高融资成本,企业端成本上升。

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