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央行今起禁发1年以上同业存单 专家:可防止部分机构空转套利
央广网北京9月1日消息(记者 马文静)31日晚间,
央行发布公告,要求自2017年9月1日起,金融机构不得新发行期限超过1年(不含)的同业存单,此前已发行的1年期(不含)以上同业存单可继续存续至到期。多位专家和机构分析人士表示,此举可防止部分机构运用资金空转套利,对银行业及金融市场影响或有限。 国家金融与发展实验室银行研究中心主任曾刚在接受央广网记者采访时表示,央行此举目的是进一步规范银行同业业务,让同业存单发挥其流动性管理的本源作用。“把期限限定在一年以下,可以防止部分机构将同业存单作为一种收集长期资金的工具,进行所谓的空转套利。” 中国人民银行金融研究所所长孙国峰在接受媒体采访时也表示,央行此举有助于缩短同业存单业务期限,避免资金长期在金融体系流转,以加大支持实体经济力度。此外,通过鼓励金融机构发行1年期(含)以内的浮动利率同业存单,并参考上海银行间同业拆借利率(Shibor)定价,也有利于进一步培育货币市场基准利率。 对于央行此次新规对银行业的影响,曾刚表示,此举对银行业影响其实不大。他指出,目前整个同业负债期限都是很短的,基本在一年以内。“目前市场存量一年以上同业存单余额基本在一千亿左右,而整个同业存单存量约八万多亿,大概八十分之一的比例,占比非常低,对银行冲击不大”。 孙国峰则指出,模拟测算显示,该新规对市场不会有太大影响。从发行量看,今年前6个月,1年期(不含)以上同业存单的发行量为372亿元,仅占同业存单发行总量的0.4%。从余额看,截至今年6月末,1年期(不含)以上同业存单余额为1115亿元,仅占同业存单余额总量的1.4%。同时,此前已发行的1年期(不含)以上同业存单可继续存续至到期,对存量同业存单的正常到期兑付也不会产生影响。 此前,央行在《2017年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告》中提出,为了更全面地反映金融机构对同业融资的依赖程度,引导金融机构做好流动性管理,拟于2018年一季度评估时起,将资产规模5000亿元以上的银行发行的一年以内同业存单纳入MPA同业负债占比指标进行考核。对其他银行继续进行监测,适时再提出适当要求。 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员董希淼指出,31日央行发布的新规或许可以理解为是上述政策的配套措施,真正将同业存单完全纳入监管范围。 兴业研究宏观团队发布点评称,央行新规意味着未来所有新发行同业存单或都将在2018年第一季度起纳入同业负债口径接受MPA考核,央行宏观审慎框架进一步完善,也有助于避免金融机构过度依赖批发资金融资。考虑一年以上同业存单占比较低,及当下大部分银行将同业存单纳入同业负债口径后,在2018年第一季度考核前基本能达标,新规对于市场影响或有限。 具体到银行而言,在31日晚间召开的中国建设银行中期业绩发布会上,建设银行副行长庞秀生也表示,建行以往同业存单发行量很小,流动性管理上对其依赖也很小,新规对建行负债业务的影响可忽略不计。从资产业务上来说,目前由于整个市场的流动性比较紧张,最近市场整体对同业存单的认购其实仍然有限。“我们认为可以平稳地执行这个政策”,庞秀生说。
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