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“比特币挖矿场”事件发酵 偷电如何入刑?

2017-09-03 08:30:52   新华网

近日,一则新闻在社会上引起了较为广泛的关注。报道称,警方在当地油田矿区查获多处私接电力线路的“比特币挖矿场”。截至发稿时间,警方已经扣押比特币“挖矿机”约1600台,变压器7台,网络交换机7台,电脑两台,刑事拘留犯罪嫌疑人4人。

消息一出,不少看客产生疑问,“啥叫挖矿场”,“挖矿是干啥的,为啥要接电路”,“这个事儿就犯法了?”为解答以上问题,笔者拟对该新闻内容进行法律分析,试说明其中的法律关系。

比特币“挖矿”

“挖矿”并不说真的说要拎着榔头下矿坑去采集比特币。众所周知,比特币依赖于区块链网络而存在,只能通过电脑进行特殊的算法而产生,即要获得比特币。除了依赖交易得到之外,就只能由电脑进行运行算法而计算获得,这一计算过程就被称为“比特币挖矿”。

因此,上述新闻稿中所说的“比特币挖矿场”其实本质就是一个机房,内有大量高运算力的计算机(比特币矿机),持续运算在网络上以获得比特币。高运算力的计算机运行就意味着高能耗,高能耗自然也就带来了“挖矿场”的高成本。也正是为了降低成本获得更加高额的利润,才会出现上述新闻中的“比特币挖矿场”私接电力线路的报道。

“偷电”也是“偷”

从法律层面来看,笔者认为,这样的行为可能会因为违反我国专门的法律规定而受到处罚。对于行为后果严重可能构成犯罪的,则会因为涉嫌盗窃罪而被定罪处刑。

我国《电力法》第七十一条明确规定:盗窃电能的,由电力管理部门责令停止违法行为,追缴电费并处应交电费五倍以下的罚款;构成犯罪的,依照刑法有关规定追究刑事责任。

因此,对于上述“比特币挖矿场”私接电力线路的行为,最先应当考虑的是由《电力法》进行规制,即由当地的电力部门责令停止并追缴电费、进行罚款。但是如果这类私接电路的行为已经造成了较为严重的后果,超出了《电力法》所能调整的社会关系范围,那么就应当考虑由《刑法》补位起保障作用进行规制。

尽管在社会公众看来,盗窃电力的行为与常见的盗窃行为还是存在差异,但是根据我国的司法解释规定来看,电力确实属于盗窃罪的犯罪对象,即“偷电”和偷钱一样,也属于盗窃公私财物,也可能会被判处盗窃罪。

《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理盗窃刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第四条的规定:(三)盗窃电力、燃气、自来水等财物,盗窃数量能够查实的,按照查实的数量计算盗窃数额;盗窃数量无法查实的,以盗窃前六个月月均正常用量减去盗窃后计量仪表显示的月均用量推算盗窃数额;盗窃前正常使用不足六个月的,按照正常使用期间的月均用量减去盗窃后计量仪表显示的月均用量推算盗窃数额。

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