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央行继续净回笼限制流动性回暖 紧平衡仍是主基调

2017-08-29 09:16:26   中国经济网

虽处于月末时点,但央行仍从公开市场净回笼资金,刺激市场对流动性的谨慎预期。业内人士指出,月末财政支出形成流动性供应,但央行继续净回笼限制了流动性回暖,资金面料在紧平衡格局中跨月。

连续六日实施净回笼

28日,央行开展1000亿元逆回购操作,包括7天期600亿元、14天期400亿元,资金投放量为当日到期回笼量的一半,故央行仍将净回笼1000亿元,为连续第六个交易日实施流动性净回笼,且最近三日净回笼量均达到千亿元规模。

过去几个月,每到中旬,央行一般会进行流动性净投放,是为“填谷”,到了下旬则转为实施净回笼,是为“削峰”。8月同样如此,8月12日至18日当周央行通过OMO实施净投放2220亿元,上周(8月19日至25日)再度转向实施净回笼,然而,上周以来市场资金面并不宽裕,这一背景下,央行坚持开展流动性净回笼,还是有些出乎意料。

央行的底气来源于对财政支出节奏的判断及对流动性总量变化的监控。28日,央行公开市场业务交易公告指出,“考虑到月末财政支出可一定程度对冲央行逆回购到期等因素,为维护银行体系流动性基本稳定,人民银行于2017年8月28日以利率招标方式开展了1000亿元逆回购操作。”

财政支出是财政库款从国库转为商业银行存款的过程,会形成银行体系流动性供应。从往年来看,8月财政存款多为净投放。往后看,随着月末财政支出力度加大,8月流动性最紧的阶段大概率已过去,这正是央行继续实施净回笼的底气所在。

然而,月末资金面扰动因素不少,短期资金面并不宽松,央行连续实施大额净回笼,进一步刺激了市场对流动性的谨慎预期。

难脱离紧平衡基调

据统计,截至28日,8月央行通过OMO已累计净回笼资金2780亿元,按当前操作力度和近期到期回笼情况,全月净回笼资金的可能性不小,如此将终结OMO自4月以来的连续净投放。

4至7月,央行连续四个月通过OMO实施流动性净投放,这被视为央行货币政策从前期中性略紧回归“不紧不松”的重要证据。这一背景下,8月央行净回笼力度再度加大,全月OMO很可能出现净回笼,对市场预期难免造成一定影响。

业内人士认为,最近央行回笼流动性力度加大,可能有两方面考虑,其一,人民币对美元汇率出现一定升值,在传统购汇旺季过后,外汇流失压力进一步减轻,8月外汇占款有可能恢复增长,相应的,央行主动投放基础货币的压力有所减轻;其二,维持金融去杠杆成果,保持必要流动性压力,避免加杠杆卷土重来。7月,存款性公司信贷收支表中的股权及其他投资项重新出现了较明显增长,这个科目装载的主要是银行的同业资产;货币基金规模在7月份继续快速膨胀,当月大增7517亿元;“货基-同存”的同业扩张链条有重新膨胀的迹象,或引起监管层警惕。

不过,不少机构认为,当前货币政策进一步收紧可能性不大。中信资本首席策略师赵巍华指出,从央行近期的操作看,仍是稳健中性的格局。近期的紧张算不上是央行主动引导,只是整个流动性体系太过脆弱。中信建投证券宏观固收首席分析师黄文涛也称,下半年货币政策仍将围绕金融监管主线波动,真正保持稳健中性。

业内人士指出,结合货币政策不松不紧、削峰填谷的政策取向,流动性偏紧的状态不会持续太久,但也不会脱离紧平衡的基调。考虑到月底财政支出增多,央行或继续开展对冲,资金面料在均衡偏紧中跨月。

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