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市场仍以结构性机会为主

2017-08-31 09:49:44   中国经济网

上证指数近期成功站稳3300点,市场量能也有所放大,这是否意味着新一轮牛市开启?笔者认为,在周期与金融轮番表现的情况下,市场中短期仍将维持强势特征,但整体走牛的条件尚不具备。整体看,内部结构性机会仍将大于指数上升的空间。

本轮经济回暖与前几轮不同之处在于需求拉动作用相对处于次要地位,而上游的价格回升的推动作用更加明显,并直观反映在上游价格向下游传导不畅以及补库周期由上游最先发起。在供给侧改革作用下,上游资源品价格出现快速上涨。随着上游资源品价格的快速回升,上游企业利润出现回升,推动上游企业生产走旺。2016年以来,去产能重点领域集中在钢铁和煤炭行业,大幅推升相关产品价格,带动行业盈利明显修复。截至2017年上半年,钢铁和煤炭行业已完成“十三五”去产能目标过半。随着过剩产能逐步出清,部分中上游工业品价格大幅修复,行业盈利水平得到明显改善。

7月经济数据整体低于预期,主要受到天气等非经济因素扰动价格影响。由于上下游价格传导并不通畅,若中下游需求难现明显改善,成本转移能力将受限,上游涨价对中下游行业会产生挤占作用。7月工业企业利润数据显示,偏上游行业盈利改善整体好于中下游行业,黑色金属、化学纤维、金属制品利润累计同比增速分别较上月改善5.1、1.5、0.1个百分点至101.5%、54.6%和8.1%。而专用设备、通用设备、电气机械、食品制造等偏中下游行业利润增速均现不同程度回落。在需求维持稳定但难超预期的情况下,上游对中下游的挤占作用仍将存在,这限制了不同行业与整体市场走牛的可能性。

此外,资金面状况也不支持当前市场形成牛市。自7月初以来,同业存单发行利率以及Shibor等短期市场利率呈现上行,隔夜利率甚至创两年新高。伴随着季末临近,市场对流动性的担忧有所升温。9月,同业存单到期规模创历史新高,还面临MPA考核、美联储FOMC会议等影响。笔者认为,与前两个季度末相比,对9月流动性环境不宜过度担忧,但也不可盲目乐观。随着猪肉价格的回升,对拉低CPI作用将趋弱,四季度CPI中枢将大概率上移。未来一个阶段货币投放或将继续“削峰填谷”,整体资金面维持紧平衡。

2016年以来的去产能重点集中在中上游领域,推动生产资料价格大幅修复。随着环保限产等去产能政策效果逐步显现,相关行业价格或将保持高位,对利润继续形成支撑。8月23日国务院常务会议提出,除了煤炭钢铁等过剩产业,还要推动火电、电解铝、建材等行业开展减量减产,严控新增产能。笔者认为,在当前环境下市场将继续维持强势,但市场仍以结构性机会为主。

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