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电子围栏两套技术标准价差巨大 一二线与三四线城市各有打算

2017-08-29 09:01:17   中国经济网

每经记者 赵娜 实习记者 王星平 每经编辑 卢祥勇

交通运输部等10部门联合发布的“共享单车新政”,明确提出要规范停车点并推广电子围栏。目前来看,不同城市的有关部门对共享单车的监管思路大致分为一“疏”一“控”。其中,“控”主要是在单车已投放过剩的情况下,停止或暂停共享单车企业继续停放新车,多个城市已有实践。“疏”是通过设立电子围栏等方式,规划缓解乱停乱放的问题。

《每日经济新闻》记者发现,电子围栏目前主要有两套技术标准,一是蓝牙桩,二是北斗导航基于卫星定位的技术,这两种标准在精度和成本上相差巨大。与此同时,电子围栏的投放和管理问题,在不同城市也存在差异。

北斗定位有偏差但成本低

北斗导航位置服务产业公共平台(以下简称北斗平台)技术总监郑晓东接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示,从6月份开始,该平台在北京市政府的领导下,已在多个区做电子围栏试点,比如通州是全境,东城、西城都找了某条街做局部试行。等到9月份,该平台将去上海、深圳、广州、成都、杭州这五个城市分别做试点。

共享单车电子围栏目前主要有两种模式,一种通过建立信号发射装置从而识别停车区域,通过蓝牙等技术实现,另一种是北斗导航基于卫星定位技术的电子围栏技术跟系统。目前北京市除朝阳区外,其他试点均采用了北斗的系统。

“从宏观上来讲,我们的技术并不是最完美的技术。北斗这个技术从定位精度上来说会存在偏差,”郑晓东分析,目前卫星定位模式的入栏率是90%,不能满足100%,也就是如果有1000辆车,可能900辆都能停进去,剩下的100辆会有偏差,比方说停进去了也可能会认为没停进去。

他随即提到,反过来说,北斗的卫星定位也有优势:第一,不需要动城市现有的基础建设,比如立个杆子、挖个坑这些都要审批很多流程造成工期长;第二,蓝牙模式要把发射装置放到地底下,需要把地砖起起来,然后埋管线、埋蓝牙道钉(内有蓝牙发射器可发射或感知数据的“小框”,市面现有方形、长条和立杆、立牌几种),要破坏城市的现有基础设施且后期运维成本较高;第三,北斗平台适配性强。所有企业的锁不管是北斗、GPS还是格洛纳斯 (GLONASS),只要是卫星定位都可以传输过来,不需要去改变锁的状态,也不会去读取别的信息。

蓝牙模式上,因标准协议不一样,共享单车企业有的锁有蓝牙有的没有,需要差异化管理。蓝牙模式的优点是定位围栏很准,最小可以做到1米精度,但恰恰有个问题是,如果是在禁停区,或不是可停区的地方,把车停在里边蓝牙感知不到,因为该模式没有卫星定位,在围栏外没有布蓝牙发射器,停了车不会知道停在哪儿,把整条街道全布上蓝牙并不现实。

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