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刘士余:交易所必须是强大的监管者
2017-08-26 07:06:14 中国经济网
证监会主席刘士余25日在证券交易所一线监管国际研讨会上致辞时表示,交易所绝不是单纯的交易平台,必须是强大的监管者。交易所要切实维护市场秩序,对广大投资者负责。从中国的实践看,交易所一线监管必须坚定不移地搞,还有改进的空间。
刘士余指出,在建设社会主义市场经济体系的改革进程中,中国政府十分重视发展资本市场。经过各方面的努力,中国的资本市场尤其是股权融资有了长足的发展,但在整个融资体系中仍然是一个短板。中国证监会正在按照中央政府的统一部署,牢牢坚持资本市场服务实体经济的根本发展方向和保护投资者合法权益的根本监管使命,大力推进依法监管、全面监管、从严监管,推动资本市场稳定健康发展。证券交易所作为市场的组织者、运营者和自律监管者,处在资本市场监管体系的第一线,具有独特的优势和不可替代的作用。
第一,从国际上看,交易所天然具有监管的职能,并普遍为法律所确认。纵观交易所400多年的发展史,可以得出三个基本结论:一是交易所的监管职能与生俱来。“乔纳森咖啡馆”作为伦敦交易所的雏形,“梧桐树协议”作为纽约交易所的发端,都有自律的尝试。交易所本身是为了有序组织交易而设立的,交易所的章程都有自律条款。德国1897年实施的《交易所法》、美国《1934年证券交易法》以及其他国家的法律或者判例明确了交易所的监管职能。二是交易所不管组织形态如何变迁,始终扮演着监管的角色。上世纪90年代末、本世纪初,交易所一度出现公司化浪潮,为解决营利和监管之间可能存在的冲突,对监管职能及履职方式进行了不同程度的分离。即便如此,交易所始终承担着一定的监管职能。近年来,不少国家反思国际金融危机的教训,通过不同方式强化了交易所的监管职能。三是交易所一线监管不仅成为国际共识,而且形成丰富的实践。国际证监会组织(IOSCO)认为,交易所在监管方面可以做很多事,包括对会员的监管、对产品的监管、对交易的监管等。
第二,从中国的实践看,交易所一线监管必须坚定不移地搞,还有改进的空间。中国的资本市场很年轻,设立沪深交易所不到30年,发育还不成熟。同时,我们的市场很特殊,投资者超过1亿人,个人投资者交易额占比超过80%。在这样的市场,保护投资者特别是中小投资者合法权益,是最艰巨的任务。交易所设立之初,就在章程中明确了自律等监管职能。1993年国务院证券委发布的《证券交易所管理暂行办法》规定了交易所监管职能。1998年,交易所监管职能写入《证券法》,2005年修订的《证券法》规定得更加完善,明确了交易所规则制定权、实时监控权、异常交易账户限制交易权、纪律处分权等,为一线监管提供了法律依据。
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