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央企降杠杆减负债防风险指导意见有望加速落地

2017-08-25 07:07:25   中国经济网

主持人杜雨萌:作为去杠杆中的重中之重,国有企业降杠杆备受关注。近日召开的国务院常务会议明确部署推进央企深化改革降杠杆工作,并从5个方面提出具体举措。今日,本报选取其中的四个方面并采访专家学者予以解读。

截至今年上半年,已有12家央企与有关银行签订了市场化债转股框架协议

■本报见习记者 杜雨萌

近日召开的国务院常务会议,部署推进央企深化改革降低杠杆工作和促进企业提质增效。其中,在去杠杆的五项任务中明确,要积极稳妥推进市场化法治化债转股,督促已签订的框架协议抓紧落实。

“债转股的目的主要是帮助企业降低债务风险。”8月24日,中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所助理研究员于换军在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,法治化、市场化债转股是指政府不干预定价、不指定参与方、并且也不为其进行兜底,此举可以避免银行增加风险,也减少了政府的财政负担。

据财政部最新数据显示,今年1月份至7月份,国有企业资产总额1448952.3亿元,同比增长11.2%;负债总额952648.6亿元,同比增长11.3%。中央企业资产总额735639亿元,同比增长9.7%;负债总额501716.5亿元,同比增长10%。值得注意的是,今年前7个月,央企利润总额已由去年同期的同比下降3.7%转为同比增长16.4%,资产负债率比年初下降0.2个百分点,提质增效攻坚战取得阶段性成果。

业内人士指出,作为我国经济发展中的主力军,无论是国企还是央企,若其负债率始终居高不下,那么一旦控制不好就会引发系统性金融风险,所以,当下各部门对于国有企业和中央企业的去杠杆工作格外重视。

因此,本次会议明确,对高于警戒线的企业在年度经营业绩考核中增加资产负债率的权重,并严格把关主业投资、严控非主业投资、禁止安排推高负债率的投资项目。对效益增长较快的企业要督促其在确保正常生产经营前提下利用部分利润降低债务。对负债率低于警戒线或盈利能力较强的企业,鼓励其主动化解历史遗留问题,并在当期损益中消化去产能等改革成本。

记者了解到,截至今年上半年,已有12家央企与有关银行签订了市场化债转股框架协议。其中,中国宝武、中国一重等一些中央企业的债转股工作已经取得积极成效。

国资委有关负责人指出,央企债转股还应注意以下三点:一是降低负债率的根本是企业得增加效益,盈利水平高提高后会逐渐把负债降下来;二是要严格控制盲目投资,单纯为了扩大规模,特别是那些融资性的贸易,要严格禁止;三是企业发展一定要和市场规律相结合。

本次会议强调,当前要抓住央企效益转降回升的有利时机,把国企降杠杆作为“去杠杆”的重中之重,做好降低央企负债率工作。会议要求制定进一步积极稳妥推进央企降杠杆减负债的指导意见,推动央企资产负债率总体持续稳中有降,促进高负债企业负债率逐步回归合理水平。

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